A. Act., lay, put or place upon, of offerings laid on the altar, “ἐπὶ μηρία θέντες Ἀπόλλωνι” Od.21.267, cf. 3.179 ; “λιβανωτόν” Ar.Nu.426, V.96, Antipho 1.18 ; set meats on the table, “εἴδατα πόλλ᾽ ἐπιθεῖσα” Od.1.140, cf. 10.355 ; πάντ᾽ ἐπιθεῖτε on the car, Il.24.264 ; “[νέκυας] ἐπὶ νηυσὶ τιθέντες” Od.24.419 ; τινὶ κύρτον καὶ κώπαν, as a grave-monument, AP7.505 (=Sapph.120) : Constr. mostly “ἐ. τινί τι, τῷ ἰσχυροτέρῳ πλέον βάρος” X.Oec.17.9, etc. : but also c.gen., “ἐ. λεχέων τινά” Il.24.589 ; “ἐ. τι ἐπί τινος” Hdt.2.121.δ᾽ ; “κεφαλὴν ἐπὶ στέρνα τινός” X.Cyr.7.3.14: c. acc. only, put upon, set up, ἐ. φάρμακα apply salves, Il.4.190 ; “δέελον δ᾽ ἐπὶ σῆμά τ᾽ ἔθηκε” 10.466 ; “στήλην λίθου” Hdt.7.183 ; “φάκελον ξύλων” E.Cyc.243 ; ἐ. μνημεῖά τινι to him, Id.IT702, cf. IG14.446 (Tauromenium), 12.1068.
2. set upon, turn towards, “Ἑκτορέοις ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχ᾽ ἱεροῖσιν” Il.10.46 ; but τῇ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε c. inf., put it into her mind to.., Od.21.1.
II. put on a covering or lid, “ὡς εἴ τε φαρέτρῃ πῶμ᾽ ἐπιθείη” 9.314 ; κεφαλῇ ἐπέθηκε (as v.l. for ἐφύπερθἐ καλύπτρην 5.232 ; λίθον δ᾽ ἐπέθηκε θύρῃσι, i.e. put a stone as a door to the cave, put it before the door, 13.370 ; also, put a door to, “κολλητὰς ἐπέθηκα θύρας” 23.194 ; “θύρας ἐπέθηκε φαεινάς” 21.45 ; “θυρεὸν μέγαν” 9.240 (v. infr. B. 11).
2. set a seal on, BGU361 iii 22 (ii A.D.) ; apply a pessary, Hp.Steril.214 (Pass.) ; a cupping instrument, Sor.2.11 (Pass.).
III. put to, add, grant or give besides, “ὅσσα τε νῦν ὔμμ᾽ ἐστὶ καὶ εἴ ποθεν ἄλλ᾽ ἐπιθεῖτε” Od.22.62, cf. Il.7.364, etc. ; κράτος, κῦδός τινι, 1.509 (tm.), 23.400 (tm.), 406 (tm.) ; ἡμιτάλαντον χρυσοῦ ib.796.
IV. put on as a finish, “χρυσέην ἐπέθηκε κορώνην” Il.4.111 ; “περόνην” Od. 19.256 : metaph., οὐδὲ τέλος μύθῳ ἐπιθήσεις add fulfilment, Il.19.107, cf. 20.369 ; so later “ἐ. κεφάλαἰ ἐφ᾽ ἅπασι” D.21.18 ; “κολοφῶνα ἐ. τῇ σοφίᾳ” Pl.Euthd.301e ; τέλος ἐπιτεθήκατον ib.272a ; “πέρας ἐ. τῇ γενέσει” Arist.GA776a4 ; “πίστιν ἐ.” D.12.22, 49.42 ; “ὁ δὲ μισθωσάμενος πίστιν ἐπιθήσει πρὸς τοὺς νεωποίας” SIG963.34 (Arcesine, iv B. C.) ; “πέρας ἐ. τῷ πράγματι” PGiss.25.7 (ii A. D.), etc. ; ὅρον ἐ. τῷ πράγματι Mitteis Chr.87.2 (ii A. D.).
V. impose, inflict a penalty, “σοὶ δέ, γέρον, θωὴν ἐπιθήσομεν” Od.2.192 ; δίκην, ζημίην, ἄποινα ἐ. τινί, Hdt.1.120,144, 9.120, etc. ; “θάνατον δίκην ἐ. τινί” Pl.Lg.838c ; “δίκην τὴν πρέπουσαν” Id.Criti.106b ; “ἔργων ἀντ᾽ ἀδίκων χαλεπὴν ἐ. ἀμοιβήν” Hes.Op. 334 ; “τιμωρίαν ὑπέρ τινος” D.60.11 (cf. infr. B. IV) : so of burdens, grievances, etc., “θήσειν..ἐπ᾽ ἄλγεα Τρωσί” Il.2.39 ; “οἷσιν ἐπὶ Ζεὺς θῆκε κακὸν μόρον” 6.357 ; “[ἄτην] οἱ ἐπὶ φρεσὶθῆκε..Ἐρινύς” Od.15.234 ; ἀνάγκην ἐ. c. inf., X.Lac.10.7 ; ἐ...μὴ τυγχάνειν imposing as a penalty not to.., ib.3.3 (v. infr. B. IV).
VII. give a name, Hdt.5.68, Pl.Smp.205b, etc.
B. Med., with pf. Pass. “ἐπιτέθειμαι” Plu.2.975d, also aor. Pass., Inscr.Prien. (v. infr.), etc.:—put on oneself or for oneself, ἐπὶ στεφάνην κεφαλῆφιν..θήκατο placed a helmet on his head, Il.10.30 ; “κρατὶ δ᾽ ἐπὶ..κυνέην θέτο” 5.743, cf. E.Ba.702 (tm.), etc.; χεῖρας ἐπ᾽ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσι laying one's hands upon.., Il.18.317 ; κτύπημα χειρὸς κάρᾳ on one's head, E.Andr.1210 (lyr.).
II. put on or to, as a door, “πύλας τοῖς ὠσὶν ἐπίθεσθε” Pl.Smp.218b ; “θύρας” Orph.Fr. 245, al., etc. (v. supr. A. 11).
III. apply oneself to, employ oneself on or in, c. dat., “ναυτιλίῃσι μακρῇσι” Hdt.1.1 ; τῇ πείρᾳ, τοῖς ἔργοις, Th.7.42, X.Mem.2.8.3, etc. ; “τοῖς πολιτικοῖς” Pl.Grg.527d : c. inf., attempt to.., “φιλοσοφεῖν ἐπέθετο” Alex.36.3 ; “γράφειν” Isoc.5.1, cf. Pl. Sph.242b:—Pass., “ἐπετέθη πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον” Inscr.Prien.17.38 (iii B.C.).
2. make an attempt upon, attack, “τῇ Εὐβοίῃ” Hdt.5.31 ; “Ἐφεσίοισι” Id.1.26, cf. 102, 8.27 ; “τῷ δήμῳ” Th.6.61 ; “τῇ δημοκρατίᾳ” X.Ath. 3.12 ; ἐ. τῇ τοῦ δήμου καταλύσει attempt it, Aeschin.3.235 ; “τυραννίδι” Lycurg.125 ; “ἀρχῇ” Plu.2.772d ; ἐ. ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις or τοῖς ἀτυχήμασί τινος take advantage of them, Isoc.2.3, D.23.70 : abs., make an attack, “κατ᾽ ἀμφότερα” Th.7.42, cf. Arist.Pol.1302b25.
IV. bring on oneself, “ἐπέθου θύος δημοθρόους τ᾽ ἀράς” A.Ag. 1409.
V. lay commands on, “τί τινι” Hdt.1.111, cf. OGI669.61 (Egypt, i A.D.): also c. inf., Hdt.3.63, v.l. in Ath.11.465d.