Energy Efficiency in Buildings

At the conclusion of a noise annoyance survey in air-conditioned offices a new parameter was proposed. The aim was to define a noise index well correlated with subjective ratings of noise annoyance and able to account for the imbalance of the noise spectrum. As the RC Mark II procedure for rating the noise of HVAC systems in buildings introduced the “quality assessment index”(QAI), which provides a measure of the spectral imbalance of a noise, the combination of this parameter with the RC criterion number (which only measures noise ...

System on programmable chip for the performance estimation of loom machine, which calculates the efficiency and meter count for weaved cloth automatically. Also it calculates the efficiency of loom machine. Previously the same was done using manual process which was not efficient. This article is intended for loom machines which are not modern.

There will be crisis of land leading to the need of development of the infrastructure for residential, commercial, industrial & agricultural use due to exponential growth in population, current and projected. The metropolitan cities are developing at a very high rate and the expecting rise in population is putting pressure on these cities to grow further by expanding their boundaries continuously. But in the case of cities like Mumbai, Chennai and international coastal cities, the sea is behaves like a boundary for urban settlement, resisting its further expansion. This situation has produced challenges for urban planners to deal with lack of space and demand for basic amenities. In such condition coastal metropolitans, oceans can be used to develop the floating form of satellite towns, urban pockets & structures as a coastal expansion of city boundaries due to the enormous flexibility and limitless possibilities which water offers. The objective of this paper is to highlight the possibilities of off land development on water. It begins with the review of need of floating structures and their scope towards development & growth of cities. It includes a brief history and case studies related to evolution and development of floating structures from our past to present and finally the authors presents different types of design methodology with which these ideas can be implemented.

Current difficulties surrounding air conditioning systems involve an increase in input air aimed at improving indoor air quality (IAQ), the financial costs arising from energy consumption and external environmental impact, linked to the greenhouse effect (GWP) and the destruction of the ozone layer (ODP). One alternative technique which offers an adequate combination of IAQ and acceptable energy saving is the

Contemporary cities experience poor urban environment conditions. High densities have resulted in the genesis of the Heat Island effect that under the undeniable climate change will only get intensified. Reducing the ambient temperatures and improving the microclimate inside the urban fabric appears to be urgent. This paper examines the parameters affecting the urban microclimate. Through the analysis of a typical urban block and the process of fieldwork in the city centre of Thessaloniki, urban geometrical characteristics and environmental conditions are identified. Possible design guidelines aiming to rehabilitate the urban block are also evaluated.

The role of the mechanical systems that form the heart of the building is very important for the energy efficiency of the buildings. It is not enough to select and install an efficient device for energy efficient operation of a device or system. In this respect, it is necessary to start from the point of request of the employer who is the owner of the project and to transfer the basis of design, project design, material submittals, various control, test, adjustment and balancing of the devices to the enterprise with basic commissioning process. However, advanced verification is completed by random verification of a TAB building and coordination of employers and stakeholders in the fields of mechanical, electrical and automation. In this study, the Enhanced Commissioning procedure according to the USGBC-United States of Green Buildings Council- certification system, which is intended to designing as a green building, and its effect on energy efficiency and operational cost savings will be investigated.
Keywords: commissioning, green building, energy efficiency, leed, usgbc.

Electric appliances for cooling and lighting are responsible for most of the increase in electricity consumption in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to investigate the impact of passive energy efficiency measures (PEEMs) on the potential reduction of indoor temperature and cooling energy demand of an architectural campus building (ACB) in Karachi, Pakistan. PEEMs focus on the building envelope’s design and construction, which is a key factor of influence on a building’s cooling energy demand. The existing architectural campus building was modeled using the building information modeling (BIM) software Autodesk Revit. Data related to the electricity consumption for cooling, building masses, occupancy conditions, utility bills, energy use intensity, as well as space types, were collected and analyzed to develop a virtual ACB model. The utility bill data were used to calibrate the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus base case models of the existing ACB. The cooling energy demand was compared...

At the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the advent of digitalization, innovative technologies and materials, and new construction techniques have begun transforming the way that infrastructure, real estate, and other built assets can be designed, constructed, and operated in order to create a more attractive, energy-efficient, comfortable, affordable, safe, and sustainable built environment. Developments in materials and cutting-edge technologies (such as artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing, and biotechnology) have finally started to move the construction towards a new era. Massive changes are occurring as a result of the possibilities created by big data and the Internet of Things, along with the technological advances that are driving down the cost of sensors, data storage, and computer services. Construction 4.0: Advanced Technology, Tools and Materials for the Digital Transformation of the Construction Industry presents a thorough review of developments in materials, emerging trends, cutting-edge technologies, and strategies in the fields of smart building design, construction, and operation, providing the reader with a comprehensive guideline on how to exploit the new possibilities offered by the digital revolution. It will be an essential reference resource for academic researchers, material scientists, and civil engineers, undergraduate and graduate students, and other professionals working in the fields of smart eco-efficient construction and cutting-edge technologies applied to construction.

ABSTRACT This article presents the analysis of the structure, energy and cost efficiency of three lightweight structural systems–wood light frames (WLF), lightweight steel frames (LGSF) and 3D sandwich (3DSP) panels–during their useful life. The structural systems focussed upon in this study are commonly used in Eastern Europe with specific reference to Turkey. The structural analysis and design was carried out using ETABS while EnergyPlus was used in the analysis of the energy consumption of the buildings. The results of the structural analysis of the three alternative construction systems show that 3DSP has better structural behaviour in terms of resistance against lateral loads. The thermal performance evaluation of the walls and ceilings shows that the WLF and LGSF walls have better insulation values (12.5% lower U-value) while the roof construction of the 3DSP has much better insulation performance (70% lower U-value). Moreover, the building designed with 3DSP requires 11% less energy for total heating and cooling during one year. The information for the building industry in Turkey shows that the cost of construction for 3DSP construction is 34.6% lower than for WLF and 27.7% lower than LGSF.

This 1992 paper reports on work in progress in 'Design for Energy Efficiency,' one of fifteen task areas of the U.S. Department of Energy sponsored Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing research program. In this task, design studies establish visions of energy efficient housing systems and technologies for the year 2030 from which shorter term research activities can be defined. One study for a 'Multifamily Concrete Panel House in a Hot-Arid Climate,' a primarily passive solar design, responds to trends anticipating demand for small, minimum cost multi-family houses in sun-belt suburbs, diversifying household composition, declining wood resources, advancing concrete technology, increasing site density, and competition for cooling energy. Task background and progress is presented with an emphasis on passive solar systems and goals.

For naturally ventilated buildings (NVB) located in the tropical regions, thermal comfort (TC) prediction based on predicted mean vote (PMV) standard has shown some deviations from the observed results. Hot and humid environmental conditions throughout the year and personal ...

The aim of the paper is to facilitate energy suppliers to make decisions for the provision of energy to different residential buildings according to their demand, which will enable the energy suppliers to manage and optimize the energy consumption in an efficient manner. In this paper, we have used Multi-layer perceptron and Random Forest to classify residential buildings according to their energy consumption. The hourly consumed historical data, of two types of buildings, have been predicted: high power and low power consumption buildings. The prediction consists of three stages: data retrieval, feature extraction, and prediction. In the data retrieval stage, the hourly consumed data based on the daily basis is retrieved from the database. In the feature extraction stage, statistical features; mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis are computed from the retrieved data. In the prediction stage, Multi-Layer Perceptron and Random Forest have been used for the prediction of high power and low power consumption buildings. The hourly consumed historical data of 400 residential buildings have been used for experimentation. The data was divided into 70% (280 buildings) training and 30% (120 buildings) testing. The Multi-Layer Perceptron achieved 95.00% accurate result, whereas the accuracy observed by Random Forest was 90.83%.

This paper examines the feasibility of adopting LED lamp in replacing the conventional fluorescent lamp. Analysis and comparison have been carried out on two lighting systems in terms of electrical and photometrical performance. A study on UTeM's building hasalso been presented, which focuses on the economic evaluation. In addition, various lighting energy saving strategies have been proposed.The economic benefits of the respective energy saving measures have been successfully quantified. The study suggests that LED tubes has great potential to replace fluorescent lamps, mainly driven by the cost savings.

In warm and tropical climates, excess solar gain may result in high cooling energy consumption. Shading is a simple method to block the sun before it can get into the building. The 'brise-soleil', or 'sun-breaker' solution refers to a permanent sun shading technique, like the simple patterned concrete walls popularized by Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier in his design of buildings in tropical climate wanted to make a 'pact with nature' unlike his earlier works of the cold climates where he was to 'combat the nature'. Le Corbusier's solar shading strategy in Unit De Habitation and Capitol complex in Chandigarh are pioneering example for his approach towards dealing with the harsh tropical climate. This paper tries to rediscover the climate consciousness of the master architect in terms of Brise Soleil as his solar shading strategy for the tropical environment. The methodology adopted in the research is through qualitative analysis. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse Brise soleil as a solar shading strategy with reference to the tropical architecture of Le Corbusier. The application of Brise Soleil in Le Corbusier's tropical works such as Ministry of education in Rio de Janeiro, Unité d' Habitation in Marseilles and Capitol Complex in Chandigarh has been studied. The relevance of shading in today's context with reference to climatic control and energy conservation and sustainability has also been discussed. Incorporation of Brise Soleil as a solar shading technique in buildings will certainly reduce our dependency on artificial means for thermal comfort and minimize the environmental problems due to excessive consumption of energy and will evolve a built form, which will be more climate responsive and more sustainable.