Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
The following Chinese and English texts were retrieved from the website of the Office of the High Commissioner, United Nations Human Rights, on November 22, 2016.
Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1, 1979, and amended for the first time in according with the Decision on Amending the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 17, 1996, and amended for the second time in according with the Decision on Amending the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the Fifth Session of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 14, 2012)
Contents
Part One: General Provisions
Chapter I: Aim and Basic Principles
Chapter II: Jurisdiction
Chapter III: Withdrawal
Chapter IV: Defence and Representation
Chapter V: Evidence
Chapter VI: Compulsory Measures
Chapter VII: Incidental Civil Actions
Chapter VIII: Time Periods and Service
Chapter IX: Other Provisions
Part Two: Filing a Case, Investigation, and Initiation of Public Prosecution
Chapter I: Filing a Case
Chapter II: Investigation
Section 1: General Provisions
Section 2: Interrogation of the Criminal Suspect
Section 3: Questioning of the Witnesses
Section 4: Inquest and Examination
Section 5: Search
Section 6: Seal-up and Seizure of Material Evidence and Documentary Evidence
Section 7: Expert Evaluation
Section 8: Technical Investigation Measures
Section 9: Wanted Orders
Section 10: Conclusion of Investigation
Section 11: Investigation of Cases Directly Accepted by the People's Procuratorates
Chapter III: Initiation of Public Prosecution
Part Three: Trial
Chapter I: Trial Organizations
Chapter II: Procedure of First Instance
Section 1: Cases of Public Prosecution
Section 2: Cases of Private Prosecution
Section 3: Summary Procedure
Chapter III: Procedure of Second Instance
Chapter IV: Procedure for Review of Death Sentences
Chapter V: Procedure for Trial Supervision
Part Four: Execution
Part Five: Special Procedures
Chapter 1 Procedures for Criminal Cases Committed by Minors
Chapter 2 Procedures for Reconciliation Between Parties Concerned in Cases of Public Prosecution
Chapter 3 Procedures for Confiscating Illegal Gains in Cases Where the Criminal Suspect or Defendant Has Absconded or Died
Chapter 4 Procedures for Compulsory Medical Treatment for Mentally Ill Persons who Are not Held Criminal Responsible
Supplementary Provisions
Part One: General Provisions
Chapter I: Aim and Basic Principles
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and for the purpose of ensuring correct enforcement of the Criminal Law, punishing crimes, protecting the people, safeguarding State and public security and maintaining socialist public order.
Article 2 The purposes of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China are as follows: to ensure that the facts of crimes are ascertained in an accurate and timely manner, that the law is correctly applied, that criminals are punished and innocent people are protected from criminal prosecution, and that citizens are educated to abide by the law and vigorously fight against criminal acts, so as to maintain the socialist legal system, respect and protect human rights, safeguard citizens’ personal rights, property rights, democratic rights and other rights, and ensure the smooth progress of the socialist cause.
Article 3 The public security organs shall be responsible for investigation, detention, execution of arrests and preliminary inquiry in criminal cases. The People's Procuratorates shall be responsible for procuratorial work, authorizing approval of arrests, conducting investigation and initiating public prosecution of cases directly accepted by the procuratorial organs. The People's Courts shall be responsible for adjudication. Except as otherwise provided by law, no other organs, organizations or individuals shall have the authority to exercise such powers.
In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs must strictly observe this Law and any relevant stipulations of other laws.
Article 4 State security organs shall, in accordance with law, handle cases of crimes that endanger State security, performing the same functions and powers as the public security organs.
Article 5 The People's Courts shall exercise judicial power independently in accordance with law and the People's Procuratorates shall exercise procuratorial power independently in accordance with law, and they shall be free from interference by any administrative organ, public organization or individual.
Article 6 In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs must rely on the masses, base themselves on facts and take law as the criterion. The law applies equally to all citizens and no privilege whatsoever is permissible before law.
Article 7 In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall divide responsibilities, coordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure the correct and effective enforcement of law.
Article 8 The People's Procuratorates shall, in accordance with law, exercise legal supervision over criminal proceedings.
Article 9 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in court proceedings. The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall provide translations for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written language commonly used in the locality.
Where people of a minority nationality live in a concentrated community or where a number of nationalities live together in one area, court hearings shall be conducted in the spoken language commonly used in the locality, and judgments, notices and other documents shall be issued in the written language commonly used in the locality.
Article 10 In trying cases, the People's Courts shall apply the system whereby the second instance is final.
Article 11 Cases in the People's Courts shall be heard in public, unless otherwise provided by this Law. A defendant shall have the right to defence, and the People's Courts shall have the duty to guarantee his defence.
Article 12 No person shall be found guilty without being judged as such by a People's Court according to law.
Article 13 In trying cases, the People's Courts shall apply the system of people's assessors taking part in trials in accordance with this Law.
Article 14 People’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs shall safeguard the right of defense and other litigation rights to which criminal suspects, defendants and other participants in litigation proceedings are entitled.
Participants in proceedings shall have the right to file charges against judges, procurators and investigators whose acts infringe on their citizen's procedural rights or subject their persons to indignities.
Article 15 In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility shall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, the case shall be dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, or the handling shall be terminated, or innocence shall be declared:
(1) if an act is obviously minor, causing no serious harm, and is therefore not deemed a crime;
(2) if the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired;
(3) if an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in a special amnesty decree;
(4) if the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to the Criminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has been withdrawn;
(5) if the criminal suspect or defendant is deceased; or
(6) if other laws provide an exemption from investigation of criminal responsibility.
Article 16 Provisions of this Law shall apply to foreigners who commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated.
If foreigners with diplomatic privileges and immunities commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated, those cases shall be resolved through diplomatic channels.
Article 17 In accordance with the international treaties which the People's Republic of China has concluded or acceded to or on the principle of reciprocity, the judicial organs of China and that of other countries may request judicial assistance from each other in criminal affairs.
Chapter II: Jurisdiction
Article 18 Investigation in criminal cases shall be conducted by the public security organs, except as otherwise provided by law.
Crimes of embezzlement and bribery, crimes of dereliction of duty committed by State functionaries, and crimes involving violations of a citizen's personal rights such as illegal detention, extortion of confessions by torture, retaliation, frame-up and illegal search and crimes involving infringement of a citizen's democratic rights -- committed by State functionaries by taking advantage of their functions and powers -- shall be placed on file for investigation by the People's Procuratorates. If cases involving other grave crimes committed by State functionaries by taking advantage of their functions and powers need be handled directly by the People's Procuratorates, they may be placed on file for investigation by the People's Procuratorates upon decision by the People's Procuratorates at or above the provincial level.
Cases of private prosecution shall be handled directly by the People's Courts.
Article 19 The Primary People's Courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over ordinary criminal cases; however, those cases which fall under the jurisdiction of the People's Courts at higher levels as stipulated by this Law shall be exceptions.
Article 20 Intermediate people's courts shall have the jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following criminal cases:
(1) Cases endangering State security or involving terrorist activities; and
(2) Cases of crimes punishable by life imprisonment or capital punishment.
Article 21 The Higher People's Courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to an entire province(or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government).
Article 22 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to the whole nation.
Article 23 When necessary, People's Courts at higher levels may try criminal cases over which People's Courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance; If a People's Court at a lower level considers the circumstances of a criminal case in the first instance to be major or complex and to necessitate a trial by a People's Court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to the People's Court at the next higher level for trial.
Article 24 A criminal case shall be under the jurisdiction of the People's Court in the place where the crime was committed. If it is more appropriate for the case to be tried by the People's Court in the place where the defendant resides, then that court may have jurisdiction over the case.
Article 25 When two or more People's Courts at the same level have jurisdiction over a case, it shall be tried by the People's Court that first accepted it. When necessary the case may be transferred for trial to the People's Court in the principal place where the crime was committed.
Article 26 A People's Court at a higher level may instruct a People's Court at a lower level to try a case over which jurisdiction is unclear and may also instruct a People's Court at a lower level to transfer the case to another People's Court for trial.
Article 27 The jurisdiction over cases in special People's Courts shall be stipulated separately.
Chapter III: Withdrawal
Article 28 In any of the following situations, a member of the judicial, procuratorial or investigatory personnel shall voluntarily withdraw, and the parties to the case and their legal representatives shall have the right to demand his withdrawal:
(1) if he is a party or a close relative of a party to the case;
(2) if he or a close relative of his has an interest in the case;
(3) if he has served as a witness, expert witness, defender or agent ad litem in the current case ; or
(4) if he has any other relations with a party to the case that could affect the impartial handling of the case.
Article 29 Judges, procurators or investigators shall not accept invitations to dinner or presents from the parties to a case or the persons entrusted by the parties and shall not in violation of regulations meet with the parties to a case or the persons entrusted by the parties.
Any judge, procurator or investigator who violates the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be investigated for legal responsibility. The parties to the case and their legal representatives shall have the right to request him to withdraw.
Article 30 The withdrawal of a judge, procurator and investigator shall be determined respectively by the president of the court, the chief procurator, and the head of a public security organ; the withdrawal of the president of the court shall be determined by the court's judicial committee; and the withdrawal of the chief procurator or the head of a public security organ shall be determined by the procuratorial committee of the People's Procuratorate at the corresponding level.
An investigator may not suspend investigation of a case before a decision is made on his withdrawal.
If a decision has been made to reject his application for withdrawal, the party or his legal representative may apply for reconsideration once.
Article 31 Provisions on withdrawal set forth in this Chapter shall apply equally to court clerks, interpreters and expert witnesses.
The defender or the agent ad litem of a case may request for withdrawal or apply for reconsideration pursuant to provisions of this Chapter.
Chapter IV: Defence and Representation
Article 32 In addition to exercising the right to defend himself, a criminal suspect or a defendant may entrust one or two persons as his defenders. The following persons may be entrusted as defenders:
(1) lawyers;
(2) persons recommended by a public organization or the unit to which the criminal suspect or the defendant belongs; and
(3) guardians or relatives and friends of the criminal suspect or the defendant.
Persons who are under criminal punishment or whose personal freedom is deprived of or restricted according to law shall not serve as defenders.
Article 33 A criminal suspect shall be entitled to entrust a defender after he/she is interrogated for the first time by an investigating organ or as of the date on which compulsive measures are taken, provided that during investigation, the criminal suspect may only entrust a lawyer as his/her defender. Defendants of cases shall be entitled to entrust defenders at any time.
An investigating organ shall, during the first interrogation of a criminal suspect or the imposition of compulsory measures thereon, inform the criminal suspect of his/her right to entrust a defender. A people’s procuratorate shall, within three days upon the receipt of the materials of a case transferred for examination before prosecution, inform the criminal suspect of his/her right to entrust a defender. A people’s court shall, within three days upon the acceptance of a case, inform the defendant of his/her right to entrust a defender. Where a criminal suspect or defendant requests for the entrustment of a defender during his/her detention, the people’s court, the people’s procuratorate and the public security organ concerned shall communicate the request in a timely manner.
A criminal suspect or defendant under detention may have his/her guardian or close relative to entrust a defender on his/her behalf.
A defender, after accepting the entrustment by a criminal suspect or defendant, shall inform the case handling organ of the entrustment in a timely manner
Article 34 A criminal suspect or defendant who has not entrusted a defender due to financial difficulties or other reasons, the criminal suspect or defendant himself/herself or his/her close relatives may file an application with a legal aid agency which may designate a lawyer as his/her defender where the application satisfies the conditions for legal aid services.
With respect to a criminal suspect or defendant who is vision, hearing or speech impaired, or who is a mentally challenged person but has not lost entirely the ability of recognition or the ability to control his/her conducts, if such person has not entrusted anyone to be his/her defender, the people’s court, the people’s procuratorate and the public security organ concerned shall inform a legal aid agency to designate a lawyer as his/her defender.
Where a criminal suspect or defendant committing a crime punishable by life imprisonment or capital punishment has not entrusted a defender, the people’s court, the people’s procuratorate and the public security organ concerned shall inform a legal aid agency to designate a lawyer as his/her defender.
Article 35 The responsibilities of a defender shall be to present, in accordance with facts and the law, materials and opinions proving that the criminal suspect or defendant is innocent or the crime involved is a petty offense, or the criminal suspect or defendant is eligible need for a mitigated punishment or exemption from the criminal liability, so as to safeguard the litigation rights and other legitimate rights and interests of the criminal suspect or defendant.
Article 36 During the investigation period, a defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf, apply for alteration of the compulsory measures, find out from the investigating organ the offense of which the criminal suspect is convicted and the information pertaining to the case, and offer his/her opinions.
Article 37 Defense lawyers may have meeting and correspondence with criminal suspects or defendants who are under detention. Other defenders, subject to the permission of people’s courts and people’s procuratorates, may also meet and correspond with criminal suspects or defendants who are under detention.
Where a defense lawyer requests for a meeting with a criminal suspect or defendant under detention on the strength of the lawyer’s practicing certificate, and the certification documents and letter of authorization issued by his/her law firm, or an official legal aid document, the detention house concerned shall arrange the meeting in a timely manner, no later than 48 hours after receiving the request.
During the investigation period for crimes endangering State security, involving terrorist activities or involving significant amount of bribes, defense lawyers shall obtain the approval of investigating organs before they meet with the criminal suspects. The investigating organs shall inform the detention houses of information relating to the aforesaid cases in advance.
A defense lawyer shall be entitled to inquire about the case and provide legal advice during the meeting with a criminal suspect or defendant under detention and may, from the date on which the case is transferred for examination before prosecution, verify relevant evidence with the criminal suspect or defendant. The meeting between the defense lawyer and the criminal suspect or defendant shall not be monitored.
With respect to circumstances where defense lawyers meet and correspond with criminal suspects or defendants who are under residential surveillance, provisions of Paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of this Article shall apply.
Article 38 A defense lawyer may, from the date on which the relevant people’s procuratorate begins to examine the case for prosecution, consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials. Other defenders, with permission of the people’s procuratorate or people’s court, may also consult, excerpt and reproduce the above-mentioned materials.
Article 39 Where a defender is of the opinion that the relevant public security organ or people’s procuratorate fails to submit certain evidence gathered during the investigation period or period for examination before prosecution while such evidence can prove that the criminal suspect or defendant is innocent or the crime involved is a petty offense, the defender shall be entitled to apply with the people’s procuratorate or the people’s court concerned to obtain such evidence.
Article 40 Where a defender has gathered evidence showing that the criminal suspect concerned was not at the scene of the crime, has not reached the age for assuming the criminal liability, or is a mentally challenged person who is not required by law to assume the criminal liability, the defender shall inform the relevant public organ and people's procuratorate of such evidence in a timely manner.
Article 41 Defence lawyers may, with the consent of the witnesses or other units and individuals concerned, collect information pertaining to the current case from them and they may also apply to the People's Procuratorate or the People's Court for the collection and obtaining of evidence, or request the People's Court to inform the witnesses to appear in court and give testimony.
With permission of the People's Procuratorate or the People's Court and with the consent of the victim, his close relatives or the witnesses provided by the victim, defence lawyers may collect information pertaining to the current case from them.
Article 42 No defense lawyer or any other person may help a criminal suspect or defendant conceal, destroy or fabricate evidence or collude with a criminal suspect or defendant to make confessions tally, or intimidate or induce witnesses to give false testimony or conduct other acts interfering with the proceedings of judicial organs.
Any violation of the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the legal liability in accordance with the law. Any alleged crime committed by a defender in this regard shall be handled by an investigating organ other than the investigating organ handling the case undertaken by the defender. Where the defender is a lawyer, the law firm for which the defender is working or the lawyer’s association of which the defender is a member shall be notified of relevant information in a timely manner.
Article 43 During a trial, the defendant may refuse to have his defender continue to defend him and may entrust his defence to another defender.
Article 44 A victim in a case of public prosecution, his legal representatives or close relatives, and a party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives shall, from the date on which the case is transferred for examination before prosecution, have the right to entrust agents ad litem. A private prosecutor in a case of private prosecution and his legal representatives, and a party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives shall have the right to entrust agents ad litem at any time.
The People's Procuratorate shall, within three days from the date of receiving the file record of a case transferred for examination before prosecution, notify the victim and his legal representatives or close relatives and the party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives that they have the right to entrust agents ad litem. The People's Court shall, within three days from the date of accepting a case of private prosecution, notify the private prosecutor and his legal representatives and the party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives that they have the right to entrust agents ad litem.
Article 45 With regard to entrusting of agents ad litem, the provisions of Article 32 of this Law shall be applied mutatis mutandis.
Article 46 Defense lawyers shall be entitled to keep confidential the information about their clients that comes into their knowledge during their practices, provided that they shall promptly inform judicial organs of the information that comes to their knowledge during their practices, indicating that their clients or other persons are to commit or are committing crimes endangering State security or public security or crimes seriously threatening others’ personal safety.
Article 47 A defender or agent ad litem shall be entitled to file a petition or bring a complaint to the people’s procuratorate at the same or the next higher level if he/she is of the opinion that the relevant public security organ, people’s procuratorate, people’s court or its staff members have hindered his/her lawful exercise of the litigation rights. The said people’s procuratorate shall review the petition or complaint in a timely manner, and notify relevant organs to make correction if the authenticity of petition or complaint is confirmed.
Chapter V: Evidence
Article 48 All materials that prove the facts of a case shall be evidence.
Evidence shall include:
(1) Physical evidence;
(2) Documentary evidence;
(3) Testimony of witnesses;
(4) Statements of victims;
(5) Statements and exculpations of criminal suspects or defendants;
(6) Expert opinions;
(7) Records of crime scene investigation, examination, identification and investigative experiments; and
(8) Audio-visual materials, and electronic data.
The authenticity of evidence shall be confirmed before it can be admitted as the basis for making a decision on a verdict.
Article 49 For cases of public prosecution, people’s procuratorates shall bear the burden of proof to prove that the defendants are guilty, while for cases of private prosecution, private prosecutors shall bear the burden of proof to prove that the defendants are guilty.
Article 50 Judges, procuratorial personnel and investigators shall adhere to statutory procedures when gathering and obtaining evidence that may prove whether criminal suspects or defendants are guilty or innocent, or whether cases involve serious criminal offenses or not. They are strictly prohibited from extorting confessions by torture, collecting evidence through threats, enticement, deception or other unlawful means, or forcing anyone to provide evidence proving his/her own guilt. They shall ensure that all citizens who are involved in a case or who have information about the circumstances of a case can furnish all available evidence in an objective manner and, except under special circumstances, may ask such citizens to provide assistance in investigation.
Article 51 The public security organ's requests for approval of arrest, the People's Procuratorate's bills of prosecution and the People's Court's written judgments must be faithful to the facts. The responsibility of anyone who intentionally conceals the facts shall be investigated.
Article 52 The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall have the authority to collect or obtain evidence from the units and individuals concerned. The units and individuals concerned shall provide truthful evidence.
The physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual materials, electronic data and other evidence gathered by administrative organs during administrative law enforcement and case investigation and handling may be used as evidence in criminal cases.
Evidence involving State secretes, trade secretes or personal privacy shall be kept confidential.
Anyone that falsifies, conceals or destroys evidence, regardless of which side of a case he belongs to, must be investigated under law.
Article 53 All cases shall be judged according to the principles that emphasis shall be laid on evidence, investigation and research, while credence shall not be readily given to oral statements. A defendant cannot be found guilty and sentenced to criminal punishments if there is no evidence other than his/her own statement. On the other hand, a defendant may be found guilty and sentenced to criminal punishments even without his/her own statements, as long as there is sufficient and concrete evidence.
Evidence shall be deemed to be sufficient and concrete if the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) There is evidence for each fact that serves as the basis for conviction and sentencing;
(2) The authenticity of evidence used for deciding the case has all been confirmed in accordance with statutory procedures; and
(3) Based on the comprehensive assessment of all evidence for the case, the ascertained facts have been proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Article 54 Confessions extorted from a criminal suspect or defendant by illegal means such as torture, testimony of witnesses and statements of victims collected by violent means, threat or other unlawful means shall be excluded. Physical evidence or documentary evidence that is not collected according to statutory procedures and is therefore likely to materially damage judicial justice shall be subject to correction or reasonable explanations, and shall be excluded if correction or reasonable explanations are not made.
Evidence that shall be excluded as found during investigation, examination before prosecution and trial shall be excluded in accordance with the law, and shall not serve as the basis for making prosecution opinions, prosecution decisions and judgments.
Article 55 Where a people’s procuratorate receives any reports, accusations or tip-offs on any circumstances involving unlawful gathering of evidence by investigators, or discovers that any investigator involves such conduct, the people's Procuratorate shall carry out investigation and verification thereof. If said conduct constitutes a crime, the persons concerned shall be subject to the criminal liability in accordance with the law.
Article 56 During a court hearing, where a judge is of the opinion that evidence may have been gathered by unlawful means as stipulated in Article 54 herein, a court investigation shall be launched as to the legality of the evidence gathering means.
The party concerned, his/her defender and the agent ad litem shall be entitled to apply with the relevant people’s court for exclusion of the evidence gathered by unlawful means in accordance with the law. Those who apply for exclusion of the evidence gathered by unlawful means shall provide relevant clues or materials.
Article 57 A people’s procuratorate shall bear the burden of proof as to the legality of the evidence gathering means during the court investigation thereof.
Where there exists no evidentiary support for the legality of the evidence gathering means, the people’s procuratorate may request the people’s court concerned to notify relevant investigators or other personnel to appear before the courtroom to make explanations. The people's court may, at its own discretion, notify relevant investigators or other personnel to appear before the courtroom to give explanations. Relevant investigators or other personnel may also take the initiative to request an appearance before the courtroom for an explanation. Relevant personnel shall also appear before courtroom if so notified by the people’s court.
Article 58 Evidence shall be excluded if court investigation has confirmed or is unable to rule out that there have been circumstances of gathering evidence by illegal means as set forth in Article 54 herein.
Article 59 The testimony of a witness shall be admitted as the basis for making a decision on a verdict only after the witness has been questioned and cross-examined in the courtroom by both sides, that is, the public prosecutor and the victim, as well as the defendant and the defender. If a court finds through investigation that a witness has intentionally given false testimony or concealed criminal evidence, it shall handle the matter in accordance with the law.
Article 60 All those who have information about a case shall have the duty to testify.
Physically or mentally handicapped persons or minors who cannot distinguish right from wrong or cannot properly express themselves shall not be qualified as witnesses.
Article 61 The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall insure the safety of witnesses and their close relatives.
Anyone who intimidates, humiliates, beats or retaliates against a witness or his close relatives, if his act constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; if the case is not serious enough for criminal punishment, he shall be punished for violation of public security in accordance with law.
Article 62 With regard to crimes endangering State security, those involving terrorist activities, organized crimes committed by groups in the nature of criminal syndicates, drug-related crimes and the like, if the personal safety of the witnesses, experts or victims or their close relatives is threatened due to their testimony in lawsuits, the people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs shall adopt one or more of the following protective measures:
(1) Keeping confidential the real names, addresses, employers and other personal information of the aforesaid persons;
(2) Adopting measures to avoid the actual appearance or true voice of those who appear in courtrooms for testimony;
(3) Prohibiting certain persons from having contact with the witnesses, experts, victims and their close relatives;
(4) Adopting special measures to protect the personal and residential security of the aforesaid persons; and/or
(5) Other necessary protective measures.
A witness, expert or victim who is of the opinion that his/her personal security or the personal security of his/her close relatives is in danger due to his/her testimony in lawsuits may apply for protection with a people’s court, people’s procuratorate or public security organ.
Relevant entities and individuals shall provide cooperation when people’s courts, people’s procuratorates or public security organs take protective measures pursuant to the law.
Article 63 A witness shall be entitled to allowance for his/her performance of the obligation of giving testimony in terms of transportation, accommodation and catering expenses incurred thereby. The allowance granted to witnesses for giving testimony shall be included into the business expenses of judicial organs and be guaranteed by the public finance of people’s governments at the same level.
Where the witness is an employee of an entity, the entity shall not deduct his/her salary, bonus and other benefits directly or in a disguised form.
Chapter VI: Compulsory Measures
Article 64 The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs may, according to the circumstances of a case, issue a warrant to compel the appearance of the criminal suspect or defendant, order him to be released on bail pending trial or subject him to residential surveillance.
Article 65 A people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ may allow a criminal suspect or defendant under any of the following conditions to be released on bail pending trial:
(1) The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by public surveillance, criminal detention or supplementary punishments separately meted out;
(2) The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, but would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial;
(3) Where the criminal suspect or defendant is suffering from a serious illness and cannot take care of him/herself, or is during pregnancy and breastfeeding period, thus would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial; or
(4) His/her case has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore he/she needs to be released on bail pending trial.
Release on bail pending trial shall be executed by public security organs.
Article 66 If the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates or the public security organs decide to allow a criminal suspect or defendant to be released on bail pending trial, they shall order the criminal suspect or defendant to provide a guarantor or pay guaranty money.
Article 67 A guarantor must be a person who meets the following conditions:
(1) to be not involved in the current case;
(2) to be able to perform a guarantor's duties;
(3) to be entitled to political rights and not subjected to restriction of personal freedom; and
(4) to have a fixed domicile and steady income.
Article 68 A guarantor shall perform the following obligations:
(1) To ensure that the person under his/her guarantee observes provisions of Article 69 herein; and
(2) To promptly report to the executing organ in case of discovering that the person under his/her guarantee might commit or has already committed acts in violation of Article 69 herein.
Where the guarantor fails to perform the aforesaid obligations when the person under his/her guarantee has committed an act that violates of Article 69 herein, he/she shall be fined; and the guarantor shall be subject to the criminal liability in accordance with the law if his/her act constitutes a criminal offense.
Article 69 A criminal suspect or defendant who is released on bail pending trial shall abide by the following provisions:
(1) Not to leave the city or county where he/she resides without the permission of the executing organ;
(2) To report any change of the address, employer and contact information to the executing organ within 24 hours of the change;
(3) To appear before a court on time when summoned;
(4) Not to interfere, in any form, with the witnesses who give testimony; and
(5) Not to destroy or falsify evidence or collude with others to make confessions tally.
A people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ may, depending on the circumstances of a case, order the criminal suspect or defendant who has been released on bail pending trial to abide by one or more of the following provisions:
(1) Not to enter certain d places;
(2) Not to meet or correspond with certain persons;
(3) Not to engage in certain activities; and/or
(4) To surrender his/her passport and other travel documents, and driver's license to the executing organ.
Where a criminal suspect or defendant who has been released on bail pending trial violates provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, part or all of the bail bond paid shall be forfeited, and depending on the specific circumstances, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be ordered to write a recognizance of repentance, pay bail bond again or provide a guarantor, or be placed under residential surveillance and be arrested.
In case that a criminal suspect or defendant violates provisions in respect of release on bail pending trial, he/she may be held in custody before being arrested according to relevant provisions.
Article 70 When the organ rendering the release on bail pending trial determines the amount of the bail bond to be paid, the requirements for ensuring the normal proceedings of litigation activities, whether the person released on bail is a serious danger to the society, the circumstances and nature of the case, the severity of the possible punishments and the economic conditions of the person on bail, shall be taken into account.
The person who provides the bail bond shall pay the money to a special account in a bank designated by the execution organ.
Article 71 Where a criminal suspect or defendant does not violate any provisions of Article 69 herein during the period when he/she is released on bail, he/she shall collect the returned bond from the relevant bank upon expiry of the bail period by presenting the notice on the termination of release on bail pending trial or other relevant legal instruments.
Article 72 A people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ may place under residential surveillance a criminal suspect or defendant who satisfies the conditions for arrest and is under any of the following circumstances:
(1) He/she is seriously ill and cannot take care of him/herself;
(2) She is in pregnancy or breastfeeding period;
(3) He/she is the only person supporting someone who cannot take care of his/her;
(4) Residential surveillance is more appropriate considering the special circumstances of the case or the need for case handling; or
(5) His/her case has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore residential surveillance is necessary.
Where a criminal suspect or defendant satisfies the conditions for release on bail pending trial, but is unable to provide a guarantor or pay the bail bond, he/she may be placed under residential surveillance.
Residential surveillance shall be executed by public security organs.
Article 73 Residential surveillance shall be enforced at the domicile of a criminal suspect or defendant or at a designated place of residence if he/she has no fixed domicile. Where, for a crime suspected to endanger State security, crime involving terrorist activities and a crime involving significant amount of bribes, residential surveillance at the domicile of the criminal suspect or defendant may impede the investigation, it may, upon approval by the people’s procuratorate or the public security organ at the next higher level, be enforced at a designated place of residence, provided that residential surveillance is not enforced in a detention house or a special venue for case investigation.
Where a criminal suspect or defendant is placed under residential surveillance at a designated place of residence, his/her family shall be informed of the information related thereto within 24 hours upon enforcement of residential surveillance, unless notification cannot be processed.
Where criminal suspects and defendants under residential surveillance entrust defenders, Article 33 of this Law shall apply.
People’s procuratorates shall exercise supervision over the legality of the decision and enforcement of residential surveillance at designated places of residence.
Article 74 The period of residential surveillance at designated places of residence shall be deducted from the term of penalty. For criminals sentenced to public surveillance, each day of residential surveillance shall be counted as one day of the term of penalty; for criminals sentenced to criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment, two days of residential surveillance shall be counted as one day of the term of penalty.
Article 75 A criminal suspect or defendant under residential surveillance shall abide by the following provisions:
(1) Not to leave the domicile or place of residence under residential surveillance without the permission of the executing organ;
(2) Not to meet or correspond with any one without the permission of the executing organ;
(3) To appear before a court in time when summoned;
(4) Not to interfere, in any form, with the witnesses who give testimony;
(5) Not to destroy or falsify evidence or collude with others to make confessions tally; and
(6) To surrender his/her passport and other travel documents, identity certificate and driver's license to the executing organ for safekeeping.
A criminal suspect or defendant placed under residential surveillance may be arrested if he/she commits grave violations of the preceding paragraph, and may be held in custody prior to arrest if an arrest is necessary.
Article 76 An executing organ may monitor a criminal suspect or defendant placed under surveillance with respect to his/her compliance with residential surveillance provisions by means of electronic monitoring, ad hoc inspection, etc. During the investigation period, the correspondence of the criminal suspect under residential surveillance may be monitored.
Article 77 The period granted by a People's Court, People's Procuratorate or public security organ to a criminal suspect or defendant for awaiting trial after obtaining a guarantor shall not exceed twelve months; the period for residential surveillance shall not exceed six months.
During the period when the criminal suspect or defendant who is released on bail pending trial or when he is under residential surveillance, investigation, prosecution and handling of the case shall not be suspended. If it is discovered that the criminal suspect or the defendant should not be investigated for criminal responsibility or when the period for releasing on bail pending trial or the period of residential surveillance has expired, such period shall be terminated without delay. The person who is released on bail pending trial or who is under residential surveillance and the units concerned shall be notified of the termination immediately.
Article 78 Arrests of criminal suspects or defendants shall be subject to approval by a People's Procuratorate or decision by a People's Court and shall be executed by a public security organ.
Article 79 Where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime and the criminal suspect or defendant has committed the crime punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, and where it will not effectively prevent the following dangers to the society caused by the concerned criminal suspect or defendant if he/she is released on bail pending trial, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be arrested in accordance with the law:
(1) The criminal suspect or defendant may commit a new crime;
(2) There is a real risk that the criminal suspect or defendant may endanger State security, public security or public order;
(3) The criminal suspect or defendant may destroy or falsify evidence, interfere with the witnesses who give testimony or collude with others to make confessions tally;
(4) The criminal suspect or defendant may retaliate against the victims, informants or accusers; or
(5) The criminal suspect or defendant tries to commit suicide or escape.
Where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime and the criminal suspect or defendant has committed a crime that is punishable by a fixed-term imprisonment of ten years or severer punishments, or where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime, and the criminal suspect or defendant has committed a crime that is punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, but has intentionally committed a prior crime or has an unknown identity, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be arrested in accordance with the law.
A criminal suspect or defendant who is released on bail pending trial or is placed under residential surveillance may be arrested if he/she commits grave violations of the provisions with respect to release on bail pending trial or residential surveillance.
Article 80 Public security organs may initially detain an active criminal or a major suspect under any of the following conditions:
(1) if he is preparing to commit a crime, is in the process of committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime;
(2) if he is identified as having committed a crime by a victim or an eyewitness;
(3) if criminal evidence is found on his body or at his residence;
(4) if he attempts to commit suicide or escape after committing a crime, or he is a fugitive;
(5) if there is likelihood of his destroying or falsifying evidence or tallying confessions;
(6) if he does not tell his true name and address and his identity is unknown; and
(7) if he is strongly suspected of committing crimes from one place to another, repeatedly, or in a gang.
Article 81 When a public security organ is to detain or arrest a person in another place, it shall inform the public security organ in the place where the person to be detained or arrested stays, and the public security organ there shall cooperate in the action.
Article 82 The persons listed below may be seized outright by any citizen and delivered to a public security organ, a People's Procuratorate or a People's Court for handling:
(1) any person who is committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime;
(2) any person who is wanted for arrest;
(3) any person who has escaped from prison; and
(4) any person who is being pursued for arrest.
Article 83 When detaining a person, a public security organ must produce a detention warrant.
After being taken into custody, a detainee shall be immediately transferred to a detention house for detention within 24 hours. The family of the detainee shall be notified of the detention within 24 hours after the detention, unless the notification cannot be processed or where the detainee is involved in crimes endangering State security or crimes of terrorist activities, and such notification may hinder the investigation. The family of the detainee shall be notified of relevant information immediately after the circumstances impeding investigation has been eliminated.
Article 84 A public security organ shall interrogate a person held in custody within 24 hours after being taken into custody. Once it is discovered that custody shall not have been imposed, the public security organ shall immediately release the person, and issue a release certificate.
Article 85 When a public security organ wishes to arrest a criminal suspect, it shall submit a written request for approval of arrest together with the case file and evidence to the People's Procuratorate at the same level for examination and approval. When necessary, the People's Procuratorate may send procurators to participate in the public security organ's discussion of a major case.
Article 86 A people’s procuratorate may interrogate a criminal suspect when examining and approving the arrest thereof, and it shall interrogate the criminal suspect under any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where there are doubts over whether the criminal suspect satisfies the conditions for arrest;
(2) Where the criminal suspect applies to make a statement in front of procuratorial personnel; or
(3) Where investigation activities might have involved major violations of laws.
The people’s procuratorate may question witnesses and other litigation participants, and listen to opinions of defense lawyers during the course of examining and approving the arrest. It shall hear the opinions of the defense lawyers if they have so requested.
Article 87 The chief procurator shall make the decision on a People's Procuratorate's examination and approval of the arrest of a criminal suspect. Major cases shall be submitted to the procuratorial committee for discussion and decision.
Article 88 After a People's Procuratorate has examined a case with respect to which a public security organ has submitted a request for approval of arrest, it shall decide according to the circumstances of the case either to approve the arrest or disapprove the arrest. If it decides to approve the arrest, the public security organ shall execute it immediately and inform the People's Procuratorate of the result without delay. If the People's Procuratorate disapproves the arrest, it shall give its reasons therefor; and if it deems a supplementary investigation necessary, it shall at the same time notify the public security organ of the need.
Article 89 If the public security organ deems it necessary to arrest a detainee, it shall, within three days after the detention, submit a request to the People's Procuratorate for examination and approval. Under special circumstances, the time limit for submitting a request for examination and approval may be extended by one to four days.
As to the arrest of a major suspect involved in crimes committed from one place to another, repeatedly, or in a gang, the time limit for submitting a request for examination and approval may be extended to 30 days.
The People's Procuratorate shall decide either to approve or disapprove the arrest within seven days from the date of receiving the written request for approval of arrest submitted by a public security organ.
If the People's Procuratorate disapproves the arrest, the public security organ shall, upon receiving notification, immediately release the detainee and inform the People's Procuratorate of the result without delay. If further investigation is necessary, and if the released person meets the conditions for releasing on bail pending trial or for residential surveillance, he shall be allowed to be released on bail pending trial or subjected to residential surveillance according to law.
Article 90 If the public security organ considers the People's Procuratorate's decision to disapprove an arrest to be incorrect, it may request a reconsideration but must immediately release the detainee. If the public security organ's opinion is not accepted, it may request a review by the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level. The People's Procuratorate at the higher level shall immediately review the matter, decide whether or not to make a change and notify the People's Procuratorate at the lower level and the public security organ to implement its decision.
Article 91 When making an arrest, a public security organ must produce an arrest warrant.
Upon arrest, an arrested person shall be immediately transferred to a detention house for custody. The family of the arrested person shall be notified within 24 hours after the arrest, unless the notification cannot be processed.
Article 92 Interrogation must be conducted within 24 hours after the arrest, by a People's Court or People's Procuratorate with respect to a person it has decided to arrest, and by a public security organ with respect to a person it has arrested with the approval of the People's Procuratorate. If it is found that the person should not have been arrested, he must be immediately released and issued a release certificate.
Article 93 After a criminal suspect or defendant is arrested, the relevant people’s procuratorate shall still examine the necessity for detention. Where the criminal suspect or defendant no longer needs to be put under detention, the people’s procuratorate shall suggest the release thereof or change of compulsory measures. Relevant organs shall notify the people’s procuratorate of the handling of the case within ten days.
Article 94 If a People's Court, a People's Procuratorate or a public security organ finds that the compulsory measures adopted against a criminal suspect or defendant are inappropriate, such measures shall be cancelled or modified without delay. If a public security organ releases a person arrested or substitute the measure of arrest with a different measure , it shall notify the People's Procuratorate that approved the arrest.
Article 95 A criminal suspect or defendant and his/her statutory representative, close relatives or defender shall be entitled to apply for change of the compulsory measures. The people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ concerned shall make a decision within three days upon receipt of the application, and shall inform the applicant of the reasons for disapproval of such changes.
Article 96 If a case involving a criminal suspect or defendant under detention cannot be closed within the time limits stipulated herein for keeping the criminal suspect or defendant under custody for investigation, for conducting examination before prosecution, or for the proceedings of first or second instance, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be released. Where further investigation, verification or trial is necessary, the criminal suspect or defendant may be posted on bail with restricted freedom pending trial or be placed under residential surveillance.
Article 97 A people’s court, people’s procuratorate, or public security organ shall, upon expiry of the statutory time period for compulsory measures imposed on a criminal suspect or defendant, release the criminal suspect or the defendant release, release him/her from bail with restricted freedom pending trial or residential surveillance, or change the compulsory measures in accordance with the law. The criminal suspect or defendant, and his or her statutory representative, close relatives or defenders shall be entitled to request the people’s court, people’s procuratorate or public security organ to terminate the compulsory measures upon expiry of the statutory time period thereof.
Article 98 If in the process of examining and approving arrests, a People's Procuratorate discovers illegalities in the investigatory activities of a public security organ, it shall notify the public security organ to make corrections, and the public security organ shall notify the People's Procuratorate of the corrections it has made.
Chapter VII: Incidental Civil Actions
Article 99 A victim who suffers from property losses due to the defendant’s criminal offenses shall be entitled to bring an incidental civil action during criminal proceedings. Where the victim has died or lost his/her capacity for civil conduct, his/her statutory representative or close relative shall be entitled to bring an incidental civil action.
In the event of losses of State property or collectively-owned property, a people’s procuratorate may bring an incidental civil action when initiating a public prosecution.
Article 100 When necessary, a people’s court may take preservation measures to seal up, seize or freeze a defendant’s property. The plaintiff to an incidental civil action or a people’s procuratorate may request the people’s court to take preservation measures. The people’s court shall comply with the Civil Procedure Law when taking preservation measures.
Article 101 A people's court, in hearing an incidental civil case, may conduct mediation or make a ruling or judgment according to property losses.
Article 102 An incidental civil action shall be heard together with the criminal case. Only for the purpose of preventing excessive delay in a trial of the criminal case may the same judicial organization, after completing the trial of the criminal case, continue to hear the incidental civil action.
Chapter VIII: Time Periods and Service
Article 103 Time periods shall be calculated by the hour, the day and the month.
The hour and day from which a time period begins shall not be counted as within the time period.
A legally prescribed time period shall not include travelling time. Appeals or other documents that have been mailed before the expiration of the time period shall not be regarded as overdue.
If the last day of a statutory time period falls on a public holiday, the day immediately following the public holiday shall be regarded as the expiry date of the time period. However, the time limit for holding a criminal suspect, defendant or criminal under custody shall expire on the last day of the time period, and shall not be extended due to the public holiday.
Article 104 When a party cannot meet a deadline due to irresistible causes or for other legitimate reasons, he may, within five days after the obstacle is removed, apply to continue the proceedings that should have been completed before the expiration of the time period.
A People's Court shall decide whether or not to approve the application described in the preceding paragraph.
Article 105 Summons, notices and other court documents shall be delivered to the addressee himself; if the addressee is absent, the documents may be received on his behalf by an adult member of his family or a responsible person of his unit.
If the addressee or a recipient on his behalf refuses to accept the documents or refuses to sign and affix his seal to the receipt, the person serving the documents may ask the addressee's neighbours or other witnesses to the scene, explain the situation to them, leave the documents at the addressee's residence, record on the service certificate the particulars of the refusal and the date of service and sign his name to it; the service shall thus be deemed to have been completed.
Chapter IX: Other Provisions
Article 106 For the purpose of this law, the definitions of the following terms are:
(1) Investigation means the specialized investigatory work and related compulsory measures carried out according to law by the public security organs and People's Procuratorates in the process of handling cases.
(2) Parties means victims, private prosecutors, criminal suspects, defendants and the plaintiffs and defendants in incidental civil actions.
(3) Legal representatives means the parents, foster parents or guardians of a person being represented and representatives of the State organ or public organization responsible for that person's protection;
(4) Participants in the proceedings means the parties, legal representatives, agents ad litem, defenders, witnesses, expert witnesses and interpreters;
(5) agents ad litem means persons entrusted by victims in cases of public prosecution and their legal representatives or close relatives and by private prosecutors in cases of private prosecution and their legal representatives to participate in legal proceedings on their behalf, and persons entrusted by parties in incidental civil actions and their legal representatives to participate in legal proceedings on their behalf.
(6) Close relatives means a person's husband or wife, father, mother, sons, daughters, and brothers and sisters born of the same parents.
Part Two: Filing a Case, Investigation, and Initiation of Public Prosecution
Chapter I: Filing a Case
Article 107 The public security organs or the People's Procuratorates shall, upon discovering facts of crimes or criminal suspects, file the cases for investigation within the scope of their jurisdiction.
Article 108 Any unit or individual, upon discovering facts of a crime or a criminal suspect, shall have the right and duty to report the case or provide information to a public security organ, a People's Procuratorate or a People's Court.
When his personal or property rights are infringed upon, the victim shall have the right to report to a public security organ, a People's Procuratorate or a People's Court about the facts of the crime or bring a complaint to it against the criminal suspect.
The public security organ, the People's Procuratorate or the People's Court shall accept all reports, complaints and information. If a case does not fall under its jurisdiction, it shall refer the case to the competent organ and notify the person who made the report, lodged the complaint or provided the information. If the case does not fall under its jurisdiction but calls for emergency measures, it shall take emergency measures before referring the case to the competent organ.
Where an offender delivers himself up to a public security organ, a People's Procuratorate or a People's Court, the provisions of the third paragraph shall apply.
Article 109 Reports, complaints and information may be filed in writing or orally. The officer receiving an oral report, complaint or information shall make a written record of it, which, after being read to the reporter, complainant or informant and found free of error, shall be signed or sealed by him or her.
The officer receiving the complaint or information shall clearly explain to the complainant or the informant the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for making a false accusation. However, a complaint or information that does not accord with the facts, or even a mistaken complaint shall be strictly distinguished from a false accusation, as long as no fabrication of facts or falsification of evidence is involved.
The public security organs, the People's Procuratorates and the People's Courts shall insure the safety of reporters, complainants and informants as well as their near relatives. If the reporters, complainants or informants wish not to make their names and acts of reporting, complaining or informing known to the public, these shall be kept confidential for them.
Article 110 A People's Court, People's Procuratorate or public security organ shall, within the scope of its jurisdiction, promptly examine the materials provided by a reporter, complainant or informant and the confession of an offender who has voluntarily surrendered. If it believes that there are facts of a crime and criminal responsibility should be investigated, it shall file a case. If it believes that there are no facts of a crime or that the facts are obviously incidental and do not require investigation of criminal responsibility, it shall not file a case and shall notify the complainant of the reason. If the complainant does not agree with the decision, he may ask for reconsideration.
Article 111 Where a People's Procuratorate considers that a case should be filed for investigation by a public security organ but the latter has not done so, or where a victim considers that a case should be filed for investigation by a public security organ but the latter has not done so and the victim has brought the matter to a People's Procuratorate, the People's Procuratorate shall request the public security organ to state the reasons for not filing the case. If the People's Procuratorate considers that the reasons for not filing the case given by the public security organ are untenable, it shall notify the public security organ to file the case, and upon receiving the notification, the public security organ shall file the case.
Article 112 As to a case of private prosecution, the victim shall have the right to bring a suit directly to a People's Court. If the victim is dead or has lost his ability of conduct, his legal representatives and near relatives shall have the right to bring a suit to a People's Court. The People's Court shall accept it according to law.
Chapter II: Investigation
Section 1: General Provisions
Article 113 With respect to a criminal case which has been filed, the public security organ shall carry out investigation, collecting and obtaining evidence to prove the criminal suspect guilty or innocent or to prove the crime to be minor or grave. Active criminals or major suspects may be detained first according to law, and criminal suspects who meet the conditions for arrest shall be arrested according to law.
Article 114 After investigation, the public security organ shall start preliminary inquiry into a case for which there is evidence that supports the facts of the crime, in order to verify the evidence which has been collected and obtained.
Article 115 The party concerned, his/her defender, the agent ad litem or an interested party shall be entitled to file a petition or complaint to a judicial organ if he/she is of the opinion the judicial organ or its staff members have any of the following acts:
(1) To fail to order release from, or termination of, or alteration to, a compulsory measure upon expiry of the statutory time period;
(2) To fail to return the bond for bail with restricted freedom pending trial that shall be returned;
(3) To seal up, seize or freeze property irrelevant to the case at hand;
(4) To fail to terminate the sealing, seizure and freeze of property as required; or
(5) To embezzle, misappropriate, privately divide, replace, or use in violation of relevant provisions the property that has been sealed up, seized or frozen.
The organ that has accepted the petition or complaint shall handle the petition or complaint in a timely manner. The party lodging the petition or compliant may appeal to the people’s procuratorate at the same level if he/she has objections to the handling results. For a case accepted directly by a people’s procuratorate, the party concerned may appeal to the people’s procuratorate at the next higher level. The people’s procuratorate shall review the appeal in a timely manner and shall notify the relevant organ to make correction if the appeal is found to be true.
Section 2: Interrogation of the Criminal Suspect
Article 116 Interrogation of a criminal suspect must be conducted by the investigators of a People's Procuratorate or public security organ. During an interrogation, there must be no fewer than two investigators participating.
Investigators shall interrogate a criminal suspect who has been transferred to a detention house for custody in the detention house.
Article 117 A criminal suspect who does not need to be arrested or held in custody may be summoned to a designated location of the city or county where he/she lives or to his/her domicile for interrogation, provided that the supporting documents issued by the relevant people’s procuratorate or public security organ are furnished. A criminal suspect found at the scene may be orally summoned by a law enforcement officer by presenting his/her work certificate, provided that the oral summon shall be noted in the written records of interrogation.
Summons or compelled appearance in court shall not last longer than 12 hours. For complicated cases of grave circumstances where detention or arrest is necessary, summons or compelled appearance in court shall not last longer than 24 hours.
A criminal suspect shall not be detained under the disguise of successive summons or compelled appearance. A criminal suspect shall be guaranteed with necessary food and rest when he/she is summonsed or compelled to appear before investigators.
Article 118 When interrogating a criminal suspect, the investigators shall first ask the criminal suspect whether or not he has committed any criminal act, and let him state the circumstances of his guilt or explain his innocence; then they may ask him questions. The criminal suspect shall answer the investigators' questions truthfully, but he shall have the right to refuse to answer any questions that are irrelevant to the case.
When interrogating criminal suspects, investigators shall inform the criminal suspect of the legal provisions allowing for leniency for those who truthfully confess their crimes.
Article 119 During the interrogation of a criminal suspect who is deaf or mute, an officer who has a good command of sign language shall participate, and such circumstances shall be noted in the record.
Article 120 The record of an interrogation shall be shown to the criminal suspect for checking; if the criminal suspect cannot read, the record shall be read to him. If there are omissions or errors in the record, the criminal suspect may make additions or corrections. When the criminal suspect acknowledges that the record is free from error, he shall sign or affix his seal to it. The investigators shall also sign the record. If the criminal suspect requests to write a personal statement, he shall be permitted to do so. When necessary, the investigators may also ask the criminal suspect to write a personal statement.
Article 121 Investigators, when interrogating a criminal suspect, may record or videotape the interrogation process, and shall do so where the criminal suspect is involved in a crime punishable by life imprisonment or capital punishment or in a otherwise major criminal case.
Recording or videotaping shall run throughout the interrogation process for the purpose of completeness.
Section 3: Questioning of the Witnesses
Article 122 Investigators may question a witness at the scene, his/her employer’s premises, his/her domicile or a location designated by the witness. Where necessary, the witness may be notified to provide testimony at a people’s procuratorate or a public security organ. Where the witness is questioned at the scene, the investigators shall present their work certificates; and where the witness is questioned at his/her employer’s premises, his/her domicile or a location designated by the witness, the investigators shall present the supporting documents issued by the people’s procuratorate or the public security organ.
Witnesses shall be questioned individually.
Article 123 When a witness is questioned, he shall be instructed to provide evidence and give testimony truthfully and shall be informed of the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence.
Article 124 The provisions of Article 120 of this Law shall also apply to the questioning of witnesses.
Article 125 The provisions of all articles in this Section shall apply to the questioning of victims.
Section 4: Inquest and Examination
Article 126 Investigators shall conduct an inquest or examination of the sites, objects, people and corpses relevant to a crime. When necessary, experts may be assigned or invited to conduct an inquest or examination under the direction of the investigators.
Article 127 Each and every unit and individual shall have the duty to preserve the scene of a crime and to immediately notify a public security organ to send officers to hold an inquest.
Article 128 To conduct an inquest or examination, the investigators must have papers issued by a People's Procuratorate or a public security organ.
Article 129 If the cause of a death is unclear, a public security organ shall have the power to order an autopsy and shall notify the family members of the deceased to be present.
Article 130 To ascertain certain features, conditions of injuries, or physical conditions of a victim or a criminal suspect, a physical examination may be conducted, and fingerprints, blood, urine and other biological samples may be collected.
If a criminal suspect refuses to be examined, the investigators, when they deem it necessary, may conduct a compulsory examination.
Examination of the persons of women shall be conducted by female officers or doctors.
Article 131 A record shall be made of the circumstances of an inquest or examination, and it shall be signed or sealed by the participants in the inquest or examination and the eyewitnesses.
Article 132 If, in reviewing a case, a People's Procuratorate deems it necessary to repeat an inquest or examination that has been done by a public security organ, it may ask the latter to conduct another inquest or examination and may send procurators to participate in it.
Article 133 To ascertain the circumstances of a case, where necessary, investigative experiments may be conducted with the approval of the person in charge of a public security organ.
Information on an investigative experiment shall be recorded in writing and be signed or stamped by the participants.
In conducting investigative experiments, it shall be forbidden to take any action which is hazardous, humiliating to anyone, or offensive to public morals.
Section 5: Search
Article 134 In order to collect criminal evidence and track down an offender, investigators may search the person, belongings and residence of the criminal suspect and anyone who might be hiding a criminal or criminal evidence, as well as other relevant places.
Article 135 Any entity or individual shall have the obligation to submit the physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual materials and other evidence that may serve as the evidence of guilt or evidence of innocence for a criminal suspect as required by a people’s procuratorate or public security organ.
Article 136 When a search is to be conducted, a search warrant must be shown to the person to be searched.
If an emergency occurs when an arrest or detention is being made, a search may be conducted without a search warrant.
Article 137 During a search, the person to be searched or his family members, neighbours or other eyewitnesses shall be present at the scene.
Searches of the persons of women shall be conducted by female officers.
Article 138 A record shall be made of the circumstances of a search, and it shall be signed or sealed by the investigators and the person searched or his family members, neighbours or other eyewitnesses. If the person searched or his family members have become fugitives or refuse to sign or affix their seals to the record, this shall be noted in the record.
Section 6: Seal up, Seizure of Material Evidence and Documentary Evidence
Article 139 All property and documents found during investigation that may prove a criminal suspect's guilt or innocence shall be sealed up or seized. Property and documents irrelevant to the case shall not be sealed up or seized.
The property and documents sealed up or seized shall be properly preserved or sealed for safekeeping, and may not be used, replaced or damaged.
Article 140 The property or documents sealed up or seized shall be clearly accounted for in the presence of the witness and the holder of the such property and documents. A list shall be made in duplicate at the scene and be signed or sealed by the investigators, witness and the said holder, with one copy given to the holder and the other attached to the archives for future reference.
Article 141 If the investigators deem it necessary to seize the mail or telegrams of a criminal suspect, they may, upon approval of a public security organ or a People's Procuratorate, notify the post and telecommunications offices to check and hand over the relevant mail and telegrams for seizure.
When it becomes unnecessary to continue a seizure, the post and telecommunications offices shall be immediately notified.
Article 142 When required by investigation, a people’s procuratorate or public security organ may access or freeze a criminal suspect’s deposits, remittance, bonds, stocks, shares of funds or other property in accordance with applicable provisions, in which case the relevant entities and individuals shall provide cooperation.
A criminal suspect’s deposits, remittance, bonds, stocks, shares of funds or other property may not be repeatedly frozen.
Article 143 The property, documents, mails or telegraphs sealed up or seized or the deposits, remittance, bonds, stocks or shares of funds frozen shall be freed and returned within three days after they are found to be irrelevant to the case upon investigation.
Section 7: Expert Appraisal
Article 144 When certain special problems relating to a case need to be solved in order to clarify the circumstances of the case, experts shall be assigned or invited to give their appraisal.
Article 145 After appraisal, an expert shall give appraisal opinions in writing and affix his/her signature thereto.
The expert shall be subject to legal liability if he/she intentionally gives a false appraisal opinion.
Article 146 The investigation organ shall notify the criminal suspect and the victim of the opinions of the expert verification which will be used as evidence in his case. A supplementary expert verification or another expert verification may be conducted upon application submitted by the criminal suspect or the victim.
Article 147 The period during which the mental illness of a criminal suspect is under verification shall not be included in the period of time for handling the case.
Section 8: Technical Investigation Measures
Article 148 After putting a case on file, a public security organ may, based on the needs for criminal investigation, and after going through stringent approval procedures, employ technical investigation measures if the case involves crimes endangering State security, crimes of terrorist activities, organized crimes committed by groups in the nature of criminal syndicates, major drug-related crimes or other crimes seriously endangering the society.
With respect to a major corruption or bribery case, or a case involving a major crime of gravely impairment of the personal right of citizens by abuse of power, after placing the case on file, a people’s procuratorate may, based on the needs for criminal investigation and after going through stringent approval procedures, employ technical investigation measures and task relevant bodies with the implementation of such measures pursuant to applicable provisions.
In pursuit of a fugitive criminal suspect or a fugitive defendant who is on the wanted list or whose arrest has been approved or decided, necessary technical investigation measures may be taken upon approval.
Article 149 A decision on approval of the types of technical investigation measures to be adopted and the parties to which such measures apply shall be made based on the needs for criminal investigation. The decision on approval shall be valid for three months from the date on which it is issued. The technical investigation measures shall be promptly terminated where they are no longer necessary. With respect to difficult and complex cases, if the technical investigation measures are still required upon expiry of the time limit, their term of validity may be extended upon approval, subject to a maximum of three months per extension.
Article 150 Technical investigation measures shall be carried out in strict accordance with the approved types, applicable parties and time limits.
Investigators shall keep confidential the State secretes, trade secrets and personal privacy that come to their knowledge during investigation with technical investigation measures, and shall promptly destroy the information and materials that are obtained with technical investigation measures and are irrelevant to the cases.
Materials obtained by technical investigation measures shall only be used for the investigation, prosecution and trial of criminal cases, and shall not be used for any other purposes.
Relevant entities and individuals shall cooperate with public security organs in their adoption of technical investigation measures in accordance with the law, and shall keep confidential relevant information.
Article 151 To ascertain the circumstances of a case, where necessary and subject to the approval of the person in charge of a public security organ, relevant personnel may be assigned to conduct an undercover investigation, provided that measures adopted in the secrete investigation shall not induce others to commit crimes and shall not endanger public security or seriously threaten others’ personal safety.
With respect to criminal activities involving the delivery of drugs, contraband goods or property, a public security organ may, as may be necessary for criminal investigation, implement controlled delivery in accordance with relevant provisions.
Article 152 Materials collected by investigation means in accordance with the provisions of this section may be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. Where the use of such evidence may threaten the personal safety of relevant personnel or result in other serious consequences, protective measures shall be adopted to avoid the exposure of the applied technical measures and the true identity of such personnel, and when necessary, judges may verify the evidence outside courtrooms.
Section 9: Wanted Orders
Article 153 If a criminal suspect who should be arrested is a fugitive, a public security organ may issue a wanted order and take effective measures to pursue him for arrest and bring him to justice.
Public security organs at any level may directly issue wanted orders within the areas under their jurisdiction; they shall request a higher-level organ with the proper authority to issue such orders for areas beyond their jurisdiction.
Section 10: Conclusion of Investigation
Article 154 The time limit for holding a criminal suspect in custody during investigation after arrest shall not exceed two months. If the case is complex and cannot be concluded within the time limit, an extension of one month may be allowed with the approval of the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level.
Article 155 If due to special reasons, it is not appropriate to hand over a particularly grave and complex case for trial even within a relatively long period of time, the Supreme People's Procuratorate shall submit a report to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval of postponing the hearing of the case.
Article 156 With respect to the following cases, if investigation cannot be concluded within the time limit specified in Article 154 of this Law, an extension of two months may be allowed upon approval or decision by the People's Procuratorate of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government:
(1) grave and complex cases in outlying areas where traffic is most inconvenient;
(2) grave cases that involve criminal gangs;
(3) grave and complex cases that involve people who commit crimes from one place to another; and
(4) grave and complex cases that involve various quarters and for which it is difficult to obtain evidence.
Article 157 If in the case of a criminal suspect who may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of ten years at least, investigation of the case can still not be concluded upon expiration of the extended time limit as provided in Article 156 of this Law, another extension of two months may be allowed upon approval or decision by the People's Procuratorate of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.
Article 158 If, during the period of investigation, a criminal suspect is found to have committed other major crimes, the time limit for holding the criminal suspect in custody for investigation shall be re-calculated as of the date of discovery of such other crimes in accordance with Article 154 herein.
The identity of a criminal suspect shall be investigated if his/her identity is unknown due to his/her refusal to give a true name or address, in which case the time limit for holding the criminal suspect in custody for investigation shall be calculated as of the date when his/her identity is ascertained, provided that the investigation of his/her criminal acts and the collection of evidence shall not be suspended. Where the identity of a criminal suspect is genuinely unable to be ascertained but the facts of the crimes are clear and the evidence is sufficient and concrete, prosecution and trial may be conducted under the name provided by the criminal suspect.
Article 159 An investigating organ shall listen to the opinions of a defense lawyer prior to closing the investigation of a case if so requested by the defense lawyer, and record the opinions in case files. The written opinions of the defense lawyer shall be attached to the case file.
Article 160 A case whose investigation is closed by a public security organ shall have clear facts of crimes and sufficient and concrete evidence. The public security organ shall prepare written prosecution opinions, and submit the same together with the case files and evidence to the people’s procuratorate at the same level for examination and decision, and shall at the same time inform the criminal suspect and his/her defense lawyer of the transfer of the case.
Article 161 If it is discovered during investigation that a criminal suspect's criminal responsibility should not have been investigated, the case shall be dismissed; if the criminal suspect is under arrest, he shall be released immediately and issued a release certificate, and the People's Procuratorate which originally approved the arrest shall be notified.
Section 11: Investigation of Cases Directly Accepted by the People's Procuratorates
Article 162 Investigation of cases directly accepted by the People's Procuratorates shall be governed by the provisions of this Chapter.
Article 163 If a case directly accepted by a People's Procuratorate conforms with the conditions provided in Article 79 and in sub-paragraph(4)or sub-paragraph(5)of Article 80 of this Law, thus arrest or detention of the criminal suspect is necessitated, the decision thereon shall be made by the People's Procuratorate and executed by a public security organ.
Article 164 A people’s procuratorate shall interrogate a detainee in a case directly accepted by it within 24 hours after the detention. If it is found that the person should not have been detained, the people’s procuratorate shall immediately release the person and issue a release certificate.
Article 165 Where a people’s procuratorate deems it necessary to arrest a detainee in a case directly accepted by it, it shall make a decision thereon within 14 days. The period to make a decision on arrest may, under exceptional circumstances, be extended by one to three days. Where arrest is not necessary, the detainee shall be promptly released. Where further investigation is required and the detainee satisfies the conditions for bail with restricted freedom pending trial or residential surveillance, the detainee shall be posted on bail with restricted freedom pending trial or be placed under residential surveillance in accordance with the law.
Article 166 After a People's Procuratorate has concluded its investigation of a case, it shall make a decision to initiate public prosecution, not to initiate a prosecution or to dismiss the case.
Chapter III: Initiation of Public Prosecution
Article 167 All cases requiring initiation of a public prosecution shall be examined for decision by the People's Procuratorates.
Article 168 In examining a case, a People's Procuratorate shall ascertain:
(1) whether the facts and circumstances of the crime are clear, whether the evidence is reliable and sufficient and whether the charge and the nature of the crime has been correctly determined;
(2) whether there are any crimes that have been omitted or other persons whose criminal responsibility should be investigated;
(3) whether it is a case in which criminal responsibility should not be investigated;
(4) whether the case has an incidental civil action; and
(5) whether the investigation of the case is being lawfully conducted.
Article 169 A People's Procuratorate shall make a decision within one month on a case that a public security organ has transferred to it with a recommendation to initiate a prosecution; an extension of a half month may be allowed for major or complex cases.
If jurisdiction over a case to be examined and prosecuted by a People's Procuratorate is altered, the time limit for examination and prosecution shall be calculated from the date on which another People's Procuratorate receives the case after the alteration.
Article 170 When examining a case, a people’s procuratorate shall interrogate the criminal suspect, consult the defender, the victim and his/her agent ad litem, and record their opinions in writing. Any written opinion of the defender, the victim and his/her agent ad litem shall be attached to the case files.
Article 171 When examining a case, a people’s procuratorate may request the relevant public security organ to provide the evidence materials needed for court trial proceedings, and may request the public security organ to explain the legality of evidence gathering if it is of the opinion that the evidence may have been gathered by unlawful means as stipulated in Article 54 herein.
examining a case that requires supplementary investigation, the People's Procuratorate may remand the case to a public security organ for supplementary investigation or conduct the investigation itself.
In cases where supplementary investigation is to be conducted, it shall be completed within one month. Supplementary investigation may be conducted twice at most. When supplementary investigation is completed and the case is transferred to the People's Procuratorate, the time limit for examination and prosecution shall be recalculated by the People's Procuratorate.
A people’s procuratorate shall make a decision on non-prosecution of a case for which a second supplementary investigation has been conducted, if it is of the opinion that there is still not sufficient evidence and that the case fails to meet the requirements for prosecution.
Article 172 When a people’s procuratorate is of the opinion that the facts of a crime committed by a criminal suspect have been ascertained, the evidence is concrete and sufficient, and the suspect shall be subject to the criminal liability in accordance with the law, it shall make a decision on prosecution, initiate a public prosecution in a people’s court in accordance with the provisions on trial jurisdiction, and transfer relevant case materials and evidence to the people’s court.
Article 173 A people’s procuratorate shall make a decision on non-prosecution of a case if there is no fact pointing to the crime that has allegedly been committed by the criminal suspect or there is any of the circumstances set forth in Article 15 herein.
With respect to a case that is minor and the offender need not be given criminal punishment or need be exempted from it according to the Criminal Law, the People's Procuratorate may decide not to initiate a prosecution.
Where a people’s procuratorate has decided not to prosecute a case, it shall take measures to free up the property sealed up, seized or frozen during investigation. Where administrative punishments, administrative sanctions or confiscation of illegal gains shall be imposed on the person spared from prosecution, the people’s procuratorate shall issue procuratorial opinions and transfer the case to relevant authorities for handling. Such relevant authorities shall promptly notify the people’s procuratorate of the handling results.
Article 174 A decision not to initiate a prosecution shall be announced publicly, and the decision shall, in written form, be delivered to the person who is not to be prosecuted and his unit. If the said person is in custody, he shall be released immediately.
Article 175 With respect to a case transferred by a public security organ for prosecution, if the People's Procuratorate decides not to initiate a prosecution, it shall deliver the decision in writing to the public security organ. If the public security organ considers that the decision not to initiate a prosecution is wrong, it may demand reconsideration, and if the demand is rejected, it may submit the matter to the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level for review.
Article 176 If the People's Procuratorate decides not to initiate a prosecution with respect to a case that involves a victim, it shall send the decision in writing to the victim. If the victim refuses to accept the decision, he may, within seven days after receiving the written decision, present a petition to the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level and request the latter to initiate a public prosecution. The People's Procuratorate shall notify the victim of its decision made after reexamination. If the People's Procuratorate upholds the decision not to initiate a prosecution, the victim may bring a lawsuit to a People's Court. The victim may also bring a lawsuit directly to a People's Court without presenting a petition first. After the People's Court has accepted the case, the People's Procuratorate shall transfer the relevant case file to the People's Court.
Article 177 If the person against whom a People's Procuratorate decides, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 173 of this Law, not to initiate a prosecution still refuses to accept the decision, he may present a petition to the People's Procuratorate within seven days after receiving the written decision. The People's Procuratorate shall make a decision to conduct a reexamination, notify the person against whom no prosecution is to be initiated and at the same time send a copy of the decision to the public security organ.
Part Three: Trial
Chapter I: Trial Organizations
Article 178 Trials of cases of first instance in the Primary and Intermediate People's Courts shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of three judges or of judges and people's assessors totaling three. However, cases in which summary procedure is applied in the Primary People's Courts may be tried by a single judge alone.
Trials of cases of first instance in the Higher People's Courts or the Supreme People's Court shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of three to seven judges or of judges and people's assessors totaling three to seven.
When performing their functions in the People's Courts, the people's assessors shall enjoy equal rights with the judges.
Trials of appealed and protested cases in the People's Courts shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of three to five judges.
The members of a collegial panel shall be odd in number.
The president of the People's Court or the chief judge of a division shall designate one judge to be the presiding judge of the collegial panel.If the president of the court or the chief judge of a division participates in a trial, he himself shall serve as the presiding judge.
Article 179 If opinions differ when a collegial panel conducts its deliberations, a decision shall be made in accordance with the opinions of the majority, but the opinions of the minority shall be entered in the records. The records of the deliberations shall be signed by the members of the collegial panel.
Article 180 After the hearings and deliberations, the collegial panel shall render a judgment. With respect to a difficult, complex or major case, on which the collegial panel considers it difficult to make a decision, the collegial panel shall refer the case to the president of the court for him to decide whether to submit the case to the judicial committee for discussion and decision. The collegial panel shall execute the decision of the judicial committee.
Chapter II: Procedure of First Instance
Section 1: Cases of Public Prosecution
Article 181 After a people’s court has examined a case for which public prosecution has been initiated, it shall decide to commence court sessions to try the case if the indictment contains clear facts of the crime charged.
Article 182 After having decided to commence court sessions to try a case, a people’s court shall determine the members of the collegial panel, and serve on the defendant and his/her defender the duplicate of the indictment of the people’s procuratorate no later than ten days before the commencement of a court session.
Before the commencement of a court session, judges may convene a meeting with the public prosecutor, the party concerned and his/her defender and agent ad litem to deliberate and consult their opinions on withdrawal, the list of witnesses, exclusion of illegal evidence and other trial-relevant issues.
Once the date for a court session is determined, the people’s court shall notify the people’s procuratorate of the time and place of the court session, summon the party concerned, inform the defender, agent ad litem, witnesses, experts and court interpreters, and serve the summons and notices three days before the commencement of the court session. If a case is to be tried in an open court session, the name of the defendant, the causes of action and the time and location of the court session shall be announced publicly three days before the scheduled open court session.
The circumstances of the above-mentioned proceedings shall be recorded in writing, and be signed by the judges and the court clerk.
Article 183 A people’s court shall try cases of first instance in open court sessions, except for the cases involving State secrets or personal privacy. Cases involving trade secrets may be tried in closed court sessions if the parties concerned so applies.
For cases not tried in open court sessions, the reasons for non-public trial shall be announced in court.
Article 184 When a case of public prosecution is being tried in a people's court, the relevant people’s procuratorate shall send its personnel to appear before the court to support the public prosecution.
Article 185 When a court session opens, the presiding judge shall ascertain if all the parties have appeared in court and announce the subject matter of the case. He shall announce the roll, naming the members of the collegial panel, the court clerk, the public prosecutor, the defender, agent ad litem, the expert witnesses and the interpreter; he shall inform the parties of their right to apply for withdrawal of any member of the collegial panel, the court clerk, the public prosecutor, any expert witnesses or the interpreter; and he shall inform the defendant of his right to defence.
Article 186 After the public prosecutor has read out the bill of prosecution in court, the defendant and the victim may present statements regarding the crime accused in the bill of prosecution, and the public prosecutor may interrogate the defendant.
The victim, the plaintiff and defender in an incidental civil action and the agents ad litem may, with the permission of the presiding judge, put questions to the defendant.
The judges may interrogate the defendant.
Article 187 A witness shall appear before a people’s court to give testimony where the public prosecutor, the party concerned or the defender or agent ad litem has objections to the testimony of a witness, and the testimony of the witness has material impact on case conviction and sentencing, and the people’s court deems it necessary to ask the witness to appear before the court.
Where a member of the people’s police appears before a court as a witness to give testimony of a crime witnessed when performing official duties, the preceding Paragraph shall apply.
Where the public procurator, the party concerned or the defender or agent ad litem has objections to the appraisal results, and the people’s court deems it necessary for the expert concerned to appear before the court, the expert shall appear before the court to give testimony. Where the expert refuses to appear before the court to give testimony upon receipt of the notice of the people’s court, the appraisal results shall not be taken as the basis for deciding the case.
Article 188 Where a witness, without good reasons, fails to appear before a people’s court to give testimony upon receipt of the notice of the people’s court, the people’s court may compel the witness to appear, unless the witness is the spouse, parent or child of the defendant.
Where a witness, without justifiable reasons, refuses to appear before the people’s court or refuses to testify when in court, the witness shall be admonished, and in the case of grave circumstances, the witness may be detained for not more than ten days with the approval of the president of the people’s court. The punished person may apply to the people’s court at the next higher level for reconsideration if he/she has objections to the detention decision. Detention shall not be suspended during the reconsideration period.
Article 189 Before a witness gives testimony, the judges shall instruct him to give testimony truthfully and explain to him the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence. The public prosecutor, the parties, the defenders and agents ad litem, with the permission of the presiding judge, may question the witnesses and expert witnesses. If the presiding judge considers any questioning irrelevant to the case, he shall put a stop to it.
The judges may question the witnesses and expert witnesses.
Article 190 The public prosecutor and the defenders shall show the material evidence to the court for the parties to identify; the records of testimony of witnesses who are not present in court, the opinions of expert witnesses who are not present in court, the records of inquests and other documents serving as evidence shall be read out in court. The judges shall heed the opinions of the public prosecutor, the parties, the defenders and the agents ad litem.
Article 191 During a court hearing, if the collegial panel has doubts about the evidence, it may announce an adjournment, in order to carry out investigation to verify the evidence.
When carrying out investigation to verify evidence, the People's Court may conduct inquest, examination, seal-up, seizure, expert evaluation, as well as inquiry and freeze.
Article 192 During a court hearing, the parties, the defenders and agents ad litem shall have the right to request new witnesses to be summoned, new material evidence to be obtained, a new expert evaluation to be made, and another inquest to be held.
The public prosecutor, the party concerned, the defender and the agent ad litem may apply to the relevant people’s court for notifying persons with specific expertise to appear before the court to present their views on the appraisal opinions made by the expert concerned.
The court shall make a decision whether to grant the above-mentioned requests.
The appearance of persons with specific expertise before people’s court as specified in Paragraph 2 shall be governed by the provisions applicable to experts.
Article 193 During court proceedings, all facts and evidence relating to case conviction and sentencing shall be investigated and debated.
With the permission of the presiding judge, the public prosecutor, the party concerned, the defender and the agent ad litem may express their views on the evidence and the circumstances of the case and may debate with each other.
After the presiding judge has declared the conclusion of the debate, the defendant shall be entitled to make a final statement.
Article 194 If any participant in the proceedings of a trial or by-stander violates the order of the courtroom, the presiding judge shall warn him to desist. If any person fails to obey, he may forcibly be taken out of the courtroom. If the violation is serious, the person shall be fined not more than 1,000 Yuan or detained not more than 15 days. The fine or detention shall be subject to approval of the president of the court. If the person under punishment is not satisfied with the decision on the fine or detention, he may apply to the People's Court at the next higher level for reconsideration. However, the execution of the fine or detention shall not be suspended during the period of reconsideration.
Whoever assembles a crowd to make an uproar or charges into the courtroom, or humiliates, slanders, intimidates or beats up judicial officers or participants in the proceedings, thereby seriously disturbing the order of the courtroom, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.
Article 195 After a defendant makes his final statement, the presiding judge shall announce an adjournment and the collegial panel shall conduct its deliberations and, on the basis of the established facts and evidence and in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, render one of the following judgments:
(1) If the facts of a case are clear, the evidence is reliable and sufficient, and the defendant is found guilty in accordance with law, he shall be pronounced guilty accordingly;
(2) If the defendant is found innocent in accordance with law, he shall be pronounced innocent accordingly;
(3) If the evidence is insufficient and thus the defendant cannot be found guilty, he shall be pronounced innocent accordingly on account of the fact that the evidence is insufficient and the accusation unfounded.
Article 196 In all cases, judgments shall be pronounced publicly.
Where the judgment is pronounced in court, the relevant people’s court shall serve the written judgment on the parties concerned and the people’s procuratorate that has initiated the public prosecution within five days. Where the judgment is to be pronounced at a fixed future date, the people’s court shall serve the written judgment on the parties concerned and the people’s procuratorate that has initiated the public prosecution immediately after the announcement of the judgment. The written judgment shall also be served on the defender and the agent ad litem.
Article 197 A written judgment shall bear the signatures of the judges and the court clerk, and shall specify the time limit and the court for appeal.
Article 198 A hearing may be postponed if during a trial one of the following situations affecting the conduct of the trial occurs:
(1) if it is necessary to summon new witnesses, obtain new material evidence, make a new expert evaluation or hold another inquest;
(2) if the procurators find that a case for which public prosecution has been initiated requires supplementary investigation, and they make a proposal to that effect; or
(3) if the trial cannot proceed because of application for the withdrawal of a judicial officer.
Article 199 If the hearings of a case is postponed in accordance with the provisions of sub-paragraph(2)in Article 198 of this Law, the People's Procuratorate shall complete the supplementary investigation within one month.
Article 200 During trial proceedings, trial of a case may be suspended where the case cannot be tried further for a relatively long period of time due to any of the following circumstances:
(1) The defendant is seriously ill, therefore unable to appear before the court;
(2) The defendant has escaped;
(3) The private prosecutor is unable to appear before the court due to serious illness, but has failed to entrust an agent ad litem to appear before the court; or
(4) Force majeure.
The trial shall resume once the causes for suspension have lapsed. The duration of suspension shall not be included in the time limit for trial.
Article 201 The court clerk shall make a written record of the entire court proceedings, which shall be examined by the presiding judge and then signed by him and the court clerk.
That portion of the courtroom record comprising the testimony of witnesses shall be read out in court or given to the witnesses to read. After the witnesses acknowledge that the record is free of error, they shall sign or affix their seals to it.
The courtroom record shall be given to the parties to read or shall be read out to them. If a party considers that there are omissions or errors in the record, he may request additions or corrections to be made. After the parties acknowledge that the record is free of error, they shall sign or affix their seals to it.
Article 202 A people's court shall pronounce the judgment on a case of public prosecution within two months or, not later than three months, upon acceptance thereof. For a case involving the crime punishable by capital punishment or an incidental civil case under any of the circumstances as specified in Article 156 herein, the period may be extended for three months upon approval of a people’s court at the next higher level. If the period needs to be further extended under special circumstances, an application shall be made to the Supreme People’s Court for approval.
If jurisdiction of a People's Court over a case is altered, the time limit for handling the case shall be calculated from the date on which another People's Court receives the case after the alteration.
As to a case for which a People's Procuratorate has to conduct supplementary investigation, the People's Court shall start to calculate anew the time lime for handling the case after the supplementary investigation has been completed and the case has been transferred to it.
Article 203 If a People's Procuratorate discovers that in handling a case a People's Court has violated the litigation procedure prescribed by law, it shall have the power to suggest to the People's Court that it should set it right.
Section 2: Cases of Private Prosecution
Article 204 Cases of private prosecution include the following:
(1) cases to be handled only upon complaint;
(2) cases for which the victims have evidence to prove that those are minor criminal cases; and
(3) cases for which the victims have evidence to prove that the defendants should be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law because their acts have infringed upon the victims' personal or property rights, whereas, the public security organs or the People's Procuratorates do not investigate the criminal responsibility of the accused.
Article 205 After examining a case of private prosecution, the People's Court shall handle it in one of the following manners in light of the different situations:
(1) If the facts of the crime are clear and the evidence is sufficient, the case shall be tried at a court session; or
(2) In a case of private prosecution for which criminal evidence is lacking, if the private prosecutor cannot present supplementary evidence, the court shall persuade him to withdraw his prosecution or order its rejection.
If a private prosecutor, having been served twice with a summons according to law, refuses to appear in court without justifiable reasons, or if he withdraws from a court session without permission of the court, the case may be considered withdrawn by him.
If during the trial of a case the judges have doubts about the evidence and consider it necessary to conduct investigation to verify the evidence, the provisions of Article 158 of this Law shall apply.
Article 206 A people’s court may mediate cases of private prosecution. A private prosecutor may settle with the defendant or withdraw the private prosecution on his/her own before the announcement of the judgment. However, mediation is not applicable to cases as specified in Item (3) of Article 204 herein.
The time limit for a people’s court to try a case of private prosecution shall be governed by Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of Article 202 herein if the defendant has been detained. Where the defendant has not been detained, the judgment of a case of private prosecution shall be pronounced within six months upon acceptance of the case.
Article 207 In the process of the proceedings, the defendant in a case of private prosecution may raise a counterclaim against the private prosecutor. The provisions governing private prosecutions shall apply to counterclaims.
Section 3: Summary Procedure
Article 208 A case under the jurisdiction of a primary-level people’s court may be tried according to summary procedures if it satisfies all of the following conditions:
(1) The facts of a case are clear and the evidence is concrete and sufficient;
(2) The defendant pleads guilty to his/her crime, and has no objection on facts of the crime charged; and
(3) The defendant has no objection on the application of the summary procedures.
A people’s procuratorate may suggest a people’s court to adopt summary procedures when initiating a public prosecution.
Article 209 Summary procedures are not applicable under any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where the defendant is visual, hearing or speech impaired, or is a mentally challenged person who has not lost all the capacity to discern or control his/her own behaviors;
(2) Where the case has a major social impact;
(3) Where some of the co-defendants in a case of joint crimes do not plead guilty or have objection on the application of summary procedures; or
(4) Where there are other circumstances under which summary procedures are not appropriate.
Article 210 As regards a case to which summary procedures apply and in which the defendant is punishable by fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, a people’s court may form a collegial panel or have a single judge to try the case; where the defendant is punishable by fixed-term imprisonment of over three years, the people’s court shall form a collegial panel to try the case.
For a case of public prosecution that is tried according to summary procedures, the relevant people’s procuratorate shall send its personnel to appear before the court.
Article 211 For a case tried according to summary procedures, the judge shall question the defendant on his/her opinions on the facts of the crime charged, inform the defendant of the legal provisions on the application of summary procedures, and confirm whether the defendant agrees to the application of summary procedures.
Article 212 For a case tried according to summary procedures, the defendant and his/her defender may, with the permission of the judges, debate with the public prosecutor, or the private prosecutor and his/her agent ad litem.
Article 213 Cases tried according to summary procedures shall not be subject to the procedural provisions of Section 1 of this Chapter on service periods, interrogating defendants, questioning witnesses and experts, producing evidence, and court debates, provided that people’s courts shall hear the final statements of the defendants before pronouncing judgments.
Article 214 A people's court shall close a case tried according to summary procedures within 20 days upon acceptance thereof. If the defendant is punishable by fixed-term imprisonment of over three years, the time limit may be extended to one and a half month.
Article 215 If in the course of trying a case the People's Court discovers that the summary procedure is not appropriate for the case, it shall try it anew in accordance with the provisions in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Chapter.
Chapter III: Procedure of Second Instance
Article 216 If the defendant, private prosecutor or their legal representatives refuse to accept a judgment or order of first instance made by a local People's Court at any level, they shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the People's Court at the next higher level. Defenders or near relatives of the defendant may, with the consent of the defendant, file appeals.
A party to an incidental civil action or his legal representative may file an appeal against that part of a judgment or order of first instance made by a local People's Court at any level that deals with the incidental civil action .
A defendant shall not be deprived on any pretext of his right to appeal.
Article 217 If a local People's Procuratorate at any level considers that there is some definite error in a judgment or order of first instance made by a People's Court at the same level, it shall present a protest to the People's Court at the next higher level.
Article 218 If the victim or his legal representative refuses to accept a judgment of first instance made by a local People's Court at any level, he shall, within five days from the date of receiving the written judgment, have the right to request the People's Procuratorate to present a protest. The People's Procuratorate shall, within five days from the date of receiving the request made by the victim or his legal representative, decide whether to present the protest or not and give him a reply.
Article 219 The time limit for an appeal or a protest against a judgment shall be 10 days and the time limit for an appeal or a protest against an order shall be five days; the time limit shall be counted from the day after the written judgment or order is received.
Article 220 If a defendant, private prosecutor, or a plaintiff or defendant in an incidental civil action files an appeal through the People's Court which originally tried the case, the People's Court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal together with the case file and the evidence to the People's Court at the next higher level; at the same time it shall deliver duplicates of the petition of appeal to the People's Procuratorate at the same level and to the other party.
If a defendant, private prosecutor, or a plaintiff or defendant in an incidental civil action files an appeal directly to the People's Court of second instance, the People's Court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal to the People's Court which originally tried the case for delivery to the People's Procuratorate at the same level and to the other party.
Article 221 If a local People's Procuratorate protests against a judgment or order of first instance made by the People's Court at the same level, it shall present a written protest through the People's Court which originally tried the case and send a copy of the written protest to the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level. The People's Court which originally tried the case shall transfer the written protest together with the case file and evidence to the People's Court at the next higher level and shall deliver duplicates of the written protest to the parties.
If the People's Procuratorate at the next higher level considers the protest inappropriate, it may withdraw the protest from the People's Court at the same level and notify the People's Procuratorate at the next lower level.
Article 222 A People's Court of second instance shall conduct a complete review of the facts determined and the application of law in the judgment of first instance and shall not be limited by the scope of appeal or protest.
If an appeal is filed by only some of the defendants in a case of joint crime, the case shall still be reviewed and handled as a whole.
Article 223 A people’s court of second instance shall form a collegial panel and commence court sessions to try a case that falls under any of the following categories:
(1) A case of appeal in which, the defendant, private prosecutor and his/her agent ad litem have objections on the facts or evidence ascertained in the first instance and the objections may affect case conviction and sentencing;
(2) A case of appeal in which the defendant is sentenced to capital punishment;
(3) A case protested by a people’s procuratorate; or
(4) A case that falls under other circumstances that require a trial in court sessions.
The people’s court of second instance shall interrogate the defendant and consult other parties concerned, defenders and agents ad litem when it decides not to hold a court session to try a case.
When a People's Court of second instance opens a court session to hear a case of appeal or protest, it may do so in the place where the case occurred or in the place where the People's Court which originally tried the case is located.
Article 224 With respect to a case protested by a people’s procuratorate or a case of public prosecution tried by a people’s court of second instance in a court session, the people’s procuratorate at the same level shall send its personnel to attend the court session. The people’s court of second instance shall, after having determined to commence a court session for trial of the case, notify the people’s procuratorate to examine the case files, and the latter shall finish the examination within one month. The time for the people’s procuratorate to examine the case files is not included in the time limit for trial.
Article 225 After hearing a case of appeal or protest against a judgment of first instance, the People's Court of second instance shall handle it in one of the following manners in light of the different situations:
(1) if the original judgment was correct in the determination of facts and the application of law and appropriate in the meting out of punishment, the People's Court shall order rejection of the appeal or protest and affirm the original judgment.
(2) if the original judgment contained no error in the determination of facts but the application of law was incorrect or the punishment was inappropriately meted out, the People's Court shall revise the judgment.
(3) if the facts in the original judgment were unclear or the evidence insufficient, the People's Court may revise the judgment after ascertaining the facts, or it may rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the People's Court which originally tried it for retrial.
After the original people’s court has rendered a judgment on a case remanded for retrial in accordance with Item (3) of the preceding paragraph, if the defendant lodges an appeal or the people’s procuratorate lodges a protest, the people’s court of second instance shall make a judgment or ruling pursuant to the law, and shall not remand the case to the original people’s court for a new trial.
Article 226 When trying an appeal case filed by the defendant or his/her statutory representative, defender or close relative, a people’s court of second instance shall not aggravate the punishments on the defendant. Where a case is remanded to the original people’s court for new trial by the people’s court of second instance, unless there are new facts of the crime and the people’s procuratorate has initiated supplementary prosecution, the original people’s court shall not aggravate the punishments on the defendant.
The restriction laid down in the preceding paragraph shall not apply to cases protested by a People's Procuratorate or cases appealed by private prosecutors.
Article 227 If a People's Court of second instance discovers that when hearing a case, a People's Court of first instance violates the litigation procedures prescribed by law in one of the following ways, it shall rule to rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the People's Court which originally tried it for retrial:
(1) violating the provisions of this Law regarding trial in public;
(2) violating the withdrawal system;
(3) depriving the parties of their litigation rights prescribed by law or restricting, such rights, which may hamper impartiality of a trial;
(4) unlawful formation of a judicial organization; or
(5) other violations against the litigation procedures prescribed by law which may hamper impartiality of a trial.
Article 228 The People's Court which originally tried a case shall form a new collegial panel for the case remanded to it for retrial, in accordance with the procedure of first instance. With respect to the judgment rendered after the retrial, an appeal or protest may be lodged in accordance with the provisions of Article 216, 217 or 218 of this Law.
Article 229 After a People's Court of second instance has reviewed an appeal or protest against an order of first instance, it shall order rejection of the appeal or protest or rescind or revise the original order respectively with reference to the provisions of Article 225,227 or 228 of this Law.
Article 230 The People's Court which originally tried a case shall calculate the time limit anew for the trial of the case remanded to it by the People's Court of second instance from the date of receiving the case remanded.
Article 231 A People's Court of second instance shall try cases of appeal or protest with reference to the procedure of first instance, in addition to applying the provisions in this Chapter.
Article 232 A people’s court of second instance shall close the trial of a case of appeal or protest within two months upon acceptance of the case. For a case in which the defendant commits a crime punishable by capital punishment or an incidental civil case that is under any of the circumstances as listed in Article 156 herein, the time limit may be extended by two months upon approval or decision by a high people’s court at the level of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government. Where further extension is needed under special circumstances, an application shall be submitted to the Supreme People’s Court for approval.
Supreme People’s Court shall decide the time limit for trial of the cases of appeal or protest accepted thereby.
Article 233 All judgments and orders of second instance and all judgments and orders of the Supreme People's Court are final.
Article 234 A public security organ, people’s procuratorate and people’s court shall properly keep the property and the fruits accrued therefrom of the criminal suspects and defendants that have been sealed up, seized or frozen for future verification, and shall prepare a list of the property and the accrued fruits, and transfer the same with the cases. No entity or individual may misappropriate or dispose of the property or accrued fruit by itself. The legitimate property of a victim shall be promptly returned to the victim. The contraband goods and other goods not suitable for long-term storage shall be disposed of in accordance with applicable State provisions.
Any tangible objects used as evidence shall be transferred together with a case. In the case of a tangible object that is not suitable for transfer, its list, photograph or other evidence document shall be transferred together with the case.
The judgment rendered by a people’s court shall deal with the disposal of the property and the accrued fruits that have been sealed up, seized or frozen.
After the judgment rendered by a people’s court takes effect, the relevant organ shall dispose of the property and the accrued fruits that have been sealed up, seized or frozen in accordance with the judgment. All such property and accrued fruits shall be turned over the State treasury, except for those returned to the victim in accordance with the law.
A judicial officer who embezzles, misappropriates or disposes, without authorization, of the property and the accrued fruits that have been sealed up, seized or frozen shall be subject to criminal liabilities in accordance with the law. If no crime is constituted, the judicial officer shall be given disciplinary sanctions.
Chapter IV: Procedure for Review of Death Sentences
Article 235 Death sentences shall be subject to approval by the Supreme People's Court.
Article 236 A case of first instance where an Intermediate People's Court has imposed a death sentence and the defendant does not appeal shall be reviewed by a Higher People's Court and submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval. If the Higher People's Court does not agree with the death sentence, it may bring the case up for trial or remand the case for retrial.
Cases of first instance where a Higher People's Court has imposed a death sentence and the defendant does not appeal, and cases of second instance where a death sentence has been imposed shall all be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval.
Article 237 A case where an Intermediate People's Court has imposed a death sentence with a two-year suspension of execution, shall be subject to approval by a Higher People's Court.
Article 238 Reviews by the Supreme People's Court of cases involving death sentences and reviews by a Higher People's Court of cases involving death sentences with a suspension of execution shall be conducted by collegial panels each composed of three judges.
Article 239 The Supreme People’s Court shall make a ruling on approval or non-approval of the death penalty sentence when reviewing a case involving death penalty sentence. If the Supreme People’s Court disapproves the capital punishment sentence, it may remand the case for retrial or revise the sentence.
Article 240 In reviewing a case involving capital punishment sentence, the Supreme People’s Court shall interrogate the defendant, and consult the defense lawyer if so requested by the defense lawyer.
The Supreme People’s Procuratorate may submit its opinions to the Supreme People's Court when the latter reviews a case involving capital punishment sentence. The Supreme People’s Court shall notify the review results of the case to the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.
Chapter V: Procedure for Trial Supervision
Article 241 A party or his legal representative or his close relative may present a petition to a People's Court or a People's Procuratorate regarding a legally effective judgment or order, however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.
Article 242 Where the petition lodged by the party concerned or his/her statutory representative or close relatives falls under any of the following circumstances, a people’s court shall retry the case:
(1) Where there is new evidence to prove the errors in the facts ascertained in the original judgment or ruling, which may affect case conviction and sentencing;
(2) Where the evidence that serves as the basis for conviction and sentencing is unreliable and insufficient, or shall be excluded in accordance with the law, or where the main evidence establishing the facts of the case contradict with each other;
(3) Where the original judgment or ruling is erroneous in the application of law;
(4) Where the case is tried in violation of statutory proceedings, which may affect the impartiality of the trial; or
(5) Where the judge committed bribery and corruption, practiced favoritism for personal gains or bended the law in the trial of the case.
Article 243 If the president of a People's Court at any level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of his court as to the determination of facts or application of law, he shall refer the matter to the judicial committee for handling.
If the Supreme People's Court finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a People's Court at any lower level, or if a People's Court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a People's Court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case up for trial itself or may direct a People's Court at a lower level to conduct a retrial.
If the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a People's Court at any level, or if a People's Procuratorate at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a People's Court at a lower level, it shall have the power to present a protest to the People's Court at the same level against the judgment or order in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision.
With respect to a case protested by a People's Procuratorate, the People's Court that has accepted the protest shall form a collegial panel for retrial; if the facts, on the basis of which the original judgment was made, are not clear or the evidence is not sufficient, it may direct the People's Court at the lower level to try the case again.
Article 244 Where a higher-level people’s court orders an inferior people’s court to retry a case, an inferior people’s court other than the original people’s court shall be ordered to conduct the retrial. Where it is more appropriate for the original people’s court to conduct the retrial, the original people’s court may be ordered to retry the case.
Article 245 Where a case shall be retried according to the trial supervision procedures by the original people’s court, a new collegial panel shall be formed to conduct the retrial. In the event of first-instance cases, the retrial shall be conducted in accordance with first instance procedures, and the judgment or ruling rendered can be appealed or protested against. In the event of second–instance cases or cases brought before higher-level people’s courts for trial, the retrial shall be conducted in accordance with the second instance procedures, and the judgment or ruling rendered shall be the judgment or ruling of final instance.
For cases retried by a people’s court in court sessions, the people’s procuratorate at the same level shall send its personnel to attend the court sessions.
Article 246 Where it is necessary to take compulsory measures against the defendant to a case that a people's court has decided to retry, the people's court shall make a decision on the compulsory measures in accordance with the law. Where it is necessary to take compulsory measures against the defendant to a retrial case against which the people's procuratorate has lodged a protest, the people's procuratorate shall make a decision on the compulsory measures in accordance with the law.
When trying cases in accordance with the trial supervision procedures, a people’s court may decide to suspend the execution of the original judgments or rulings.
Article 247 With respect to a case retried by a People's Court in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision, it shall conclude the trial within three months from the day on which it makes the decision to bring the case up for trial itself or on which the decision is made for it to retry the case. If it is necessary to extend the time limit, the period shall not exceed six months.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the time limit for the trial of a protested case that is accepted by a People's Court and is to be tried by it in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision. Where it is necessary to direct a People's Court at a lower level to try a protested case again, a decision to such an effect shall be made within one month from the day on which the protested case is accepted; the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the time limit for the trial of the case by the People's Court at the lower level.
Part Four: Execution
Article 248 Judgments and orders shall be executed after they become legally effective.
The following judgments and orders are legally effective:
(1) judgments and orders against which no appeal or protest has been filed within the legally prescribed time limit;
(2) judgments and orders of final instance; and
(3) judgments of the death penalty approved by the Supreme People's Court and judgments of the death penalty with a two-year suspension of execution approved by a Higher People's Court.
Article 249 If a defendant in custody is given the verdict of not guilty or exempted from criminal punishment by a People's Court of first instance, he shall be released immediately after the judgment is pronounced.
Article 250 When a judgment of the death penalty with immediate execution is pronounced or approved by the Supreme People's Court, the President of the Supreme People's Court shall sign and issue an order to execute the death sentence.
If a criminal sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution commits no intentional offense during the period of suspension of the sentence and his punishment should therefore be commuted according to law on expiration of such period, the executing organ shall submit a written recommendation to a Higher People's Court for an order; if there is verified evidence that the criminal has committed intentional offense and his death sentence should therefore be executed, the Higher People's Court shall submit the matter to the Supreme People's Court for examination and approval.
Article 251 After receiving an order from the Supreme People's Court to execute a death sentence, the People's Court at a lower level shall cause the sentence to be executed within seven days. However, under one of the following conditions the People's Court at a lower level shall suspend execution and immediately submit a report to the Supreme People's Court for an order:
(1) If it is discovered before the execution of the sentence that the judgment may contain an error;
(2) If, before the execution of the sentence, the criminal exposes major criminal facts or renders other significantly meritorious service, thus the sentence may need to be revised; or
(3) If the criminal is pregnant.
If the reason given in sub-paragraph(1)or(2)of the preceding paragraph which caused the suspension of the sentence has disappeared, the sentence may be executed only after a report is submitted to the President of the Supreme People's Court for him to sign and issue another order for execution of the death sentence. If execution is suspended for the reason given in sub-paragraph(3)of the preceding paragraph, a request shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for it to alter the sentence according to law.
Article 252 Before a People's Court causes a death sentence to be executed, it shall notify the People's Procuratorate at the same level to send an officer to supervise the execution.
A death sentence shall be executed by such means as shooting or injection.
A death sentence may be executed on the execution ground or in a designated place of custody.
The judicial officer directing the execution shall verify the identity of the criminal, ask him if he has any last words or letters and then deliver him to the executioner for execution of the death sentence. If it is discovered before the execution that there may be an error, the execution shall be suspended and a report submitted to the Supreme People's Court for an order.
Executions of death sentences shall be announced but shall not be held in public.
After a death sentence is executed, the court clerk on the scene shall prepare a written record of it. The People's Court that caused the death sentence to be executed shall submit a report on the execution to the Supreme People's Court.
After a death sentence is executed, the People's Court that caused the death sentence to be executed shall notify the family members of the criminal.
Article 253 Where a criminal is handed over to the relevant authorities to serve his/her sentence, the people’s court that hands over the criminal shall serve the relevant legal documents on the relevant public security organ, prison or any other enforcement organ within ten days after the effective date of the judgment.
A criminal sentenced to capital punishment with a two-year reprieve, or life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment shall, in accordance with the law, be handed over by a public security organ to a prison for execution of criminal punishments. As to a criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment, if the remaining term of sentence is not more than three months before he/she is handed over for serving his/her sentence, the criminal shall serve his/her sentence in a detention house instead. As to a criminal sentenced to criminal detention, the criminal shall serve his/her sentence under the supervision of the relevant public security organ.
As to a juvenile delinquent, his criminal punishment shall be executed in a reformatory for juvenile delinquents.
An executing organ shall take a criminal into custody without delay and notify the family members of the criminal.
A criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, upon completion of execution of the sentence, shall be issued a certificate of release by the executing organ.
Article 254 A criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention may be permitted to temporarily serve his/her sentence outside prison under any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where the criminal is seriously ill and needs to be released on bail for medical treatment;
(2) Where the criminal is in pregnancy or breast-feeding period; or
(3) Where the criminal is unable to take care of himself/herself in everyday life, and his/her temporary service of sentence outside prison will not endanger public security.
If a criminal sentenced to life imprisonment is under the circumstance provided for in Item (2) of the preceding Paragraph, she may be permitted to temporarily serve her sentence outside prison.
A criminal shall not be released on bail for medical treatment if such release may endanger public security or if the criminal may injure or mutilate him/herself.
If a criminal is indeed seriously ill and must be released on bail for medical treatment, a hospital designated by a people’s government at the provincial level shall conduct a diagnosis and issue supporting documents.
a criminal begins to serve his/her sentence, the decision on temporary service of sentence outside prison shall be made by the people’s court that shall hand the criminal over for the service of his/her sentence. After the criminal has been handed over to the relevant authority to serve his/her sentence, the prison or detention house concerned shall put forward written opinions on temporary service of sentence outside prison and report the same to a prison administrative organ at or above the provincial level or a public security organ at or above the level of cities with districts for approval.
Article 255 A prison or detention house that puts forward the written opinions on temporary service of sentence outside prison shall copy the duplicate of the written opinions to the people’s procuratorate. The people’s procuratorate may submit written opinions to the deciding or approving authority.
Article 256 The organ that decides or approves the temporary service of sentence outside prison shall copy the decision on temporary service of sentence outside prison to the people’s procuratorate concerned. Where the people’s procuratorate deems temporary service of sentence outside prison as inappropriate, it shall, within one month from the receipt of the notice, send its written opinions to the organ that has decided or approved the temporary service of sentence outside prison. Upon receipt of the written opinions of the people’s procuratorate, the said organ shall promptly re-examine the decision.
Article 257 Where a criminal who has obtained the permission for temporarily serving his/her sentence outside prison involves any of the following circumstance, he/she shall be promptly committed to prison:
(1) Where the criminal is found to have failed to satisfy the conditions for temporary service of sentence outside prison;
(2) Where the criminal has committed grave violation of the provisions on the supervision and administration over the temporary service of sentence outside prison; or
(3) Where the circumstances under which the criminal is permitted to temporarily serve his/her sentence outside prison no longer exist, and the criminal’s term of sentence has not expired.
Where a criminal who has been permitted by a people’s court to temporarily serve his/her sentence outside prison shall be committed to prison, the people’s court shall make a decision thereon, and serve relevant legal documents on the public security organ, prison or other executing organs concerned.
Where a criminal who does not satisfy the conditions for temporary service of sentence outside prison gets the permission for to do so through bribery or other unlawful means, the period of service of sentence outside prison shall not be included in the execution term of the sentence. Where a criminal escapes during the temporary service of sentence outside prison, the duration of the escape shall not be included in the execution term of the sentence.
Where a criminal dies during the temporary service of sentence outside prison, the executing organ shall inform the prison or detention house of the same in a timely manner.
Article 258 Where a criminal is sentenced to public surveillance, gets suspended sentence, is on parole or temporarily serves his/her sentence outside prison, the criminal shall, in accordance with the law, be subject to community correction carried out by a community correction organization.
Article 259 The deprivation of political rights of a criminal shall be enforced by a public security organ. Upon expiry of the execution period, the executing organ concerned shall inform in writing the criminal and his/her employer or the basic-level organization in the place where the criminal resides.
Article 260 If a criminal sentenced to a fine fails to pay the fine within the time limit, the People's Court shall compel him to pay. If he has true difficulty in paying because he has suffered an irresistible disaster, an order may be made to reduce the fine or exempt him from payment.
Article 261 All judgments on confiscation of property, whether imposed as a supplementary punishment or independently, shall be executed by the People's Courts; when necessary, the People's Courts may execute such judgments jointly with the public security organs.
Article 262 If a criminal commits a crime again while serving his sentence, or if a criminal act that is discovered was not known at the time of judgment, he shall be transferred by the executing organ to a People's Procuratorate for handling.
a criminal sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment shall have his/her sentence commuted or be granted parole due to true repentance or meritorious service during the execution of the sentence, the executing organ shall submit a written proposal to the relevant people’s court for decision and approval, and shall copy the duplicate of the proposal to the relevant people’s procuratorate. The people’s procuratorate may put forward written opinions to the people’s court.
Article 263 If a People's Procuratorate considers that the order on commutation of sentence or on parole made by a People's Court is improper, it shall, within 20 days from the date of receiving a copy of the written order, submit a written recommendation to the People's Court for correction. The People's Court shall, within one month from the date of receiving the recommendation, form a new collegial panel to handle the case and render a final order.
Article 264 If, during execution of a criminal punishment, the prison or any other executing organ believes that there is an error in the judgment or the criminal lodges a petition, it shall refer the matter to the People's Procuratorate or the People's Court that pronounced the original judgment for handling.
Article 265 The People's Procuratorates shall supervise the execution of criminal punishments by executing organs to see if the execution conforms to law. If they discover any illegalities, they shall notify the executing organs to correct them.
Part V: Special Procedures.
Chapter 1: Procedures for Criminal Cases Committed by Minors
Article 266 Minors who have committed crimes shall be educated, reformed and rehabilitated by upholding the principles of adopting education as primary means and using punishments as ancillary means.
People’s courts, people's procuratorates and public security organs shall ensure the litigation rights of minors when handling criminal cases committed by minors, ensure the availability of legal assistance for minors, and assign judges, procuratorial personnel and investigators who are familiar with the physical and mental characteristics of minors to undertake the cases.
Article 267 Where a minor criminal suspect or defendant has not entrusted a defender, the people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ concerned shall notify a legal aid agency to assign a lawyer as the defender of the minor.
Article 268 In handling criminal cases committed by minors, a public security organ, people’s procuratorate and people’s court may investigate into the growing up experience, reasons for committing crimes and education and guardianship conditions of the minor criminal suspects or defendants depending on the circumstances.
Article 269 The application of arrest to minor criminal suspects and defendants shall be strictly restricted. Where a people’s procuratorate reviews and approves the arrest of a minor criminal suspect or defendant, and the relevant people’s court decides to make the arrest, the minor criminal suspect or defendant shall be interrogated and the opinions of the defense lawyer shall be heard.
Minors who are held in custody or arrested or who are serving sentences shall be held under detention, managed and educated separately from adults.
Article 270 For a criminal case committed by a minor, the statutory representative of the minor criminal suspect or defendant shall be informed to attend the interrogation and trial. Where the statutory representative cannot be reached or is unable to be present, or is an accomplice him/herself, other adult relatives of the minor criminal suspect or defendant, or representatives from his/her school or employer, the basic-level organization in his/her domicile or the minor protection organization may be informed to attend the interrogation and trial, and relevant information shall be recorded in writing. The statutory representative that shows up may perform the litigation rights of the minor criminal suspect or defendant on his/her behalf.
The statutory representative or other persons present may offer their opinions if they think the personnel handling the case have prejudiced the legitimate rights and interests of the minor during interrogation or trial. The interrogation records and court records shall be given or read to the statutory representative or other persons present.
Female staff members shall be present during the interrogation of a female minor criminal suspect.
In the trial of a criminal case committed by a minor, his/her statutory representative may make additional statements after the minor defendant has made final statements.
Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 shall apply where minor victims or witnesses are questioned.
Article 271 A people’s procuratorate may make a conditional non-prosecution decision on a minor who is suspected of crimes provided for in Chapter 4, Chapter 5 or Chapter 6 under the Special Provisions of the Criminal Law if he/she is punishable, which are punishable by fixed-term imprisonment of no longer than one year, and the conditions for prosecution are satisfied, but he/she has shown repentance over the crimes. The people’s procuratorate shall consult the public security organ and the victim before make a conditional non-prosecution decision.
Where a public security organ requires a conditional non-prosecution decision to be reconsidered or reviewed or where the victim concerned lodges a petition against the said decision, the provisions of Article 175 and Article 176 herein shall apply.
Where the minor criminal suspect and his/her statutory representative raise objections to the conditional non-prosecution decision rendered by a people’s procuratorate, the people’s procuratorate shall decide to prosecute the case.
Article 272 During the probation period imposed by conditional non-prosecution, the people’s procuratorate concerned shall supervise and inspect the minor criminal suspect who is conditionally exempted from prosecution. The guardian of the minor criminal suspect shall reinforce the disciplines against the suspect, and cooperate with the people’s procuratorate in supervision and inspection.
The probation period for conditional non-prosecution shall be no less than six months but no more than one year, commencing from the date when the people’s procuratorate makes the conditional non-prosecution decision.
A minor criminal suspect who is conditionally exempted from prosecution shall:
(1) Abide by laws and regulations, and accept supervision;
(2) Report his/her activities as required by the supervising organ;
(3) Obtain the approval of the supervising organ before leaving the city or county in which he/she resides or before moving to another place of residence; and
(4) Accept education and correction as required by the supervising organ.
Article 273 A people’s procuratorate shall revoke the conditional non-prosecution decision and initiate public prosecution if the relevant minor criminal suspect is found to be under any of the following circumstances during the probation period:
(1) The minor criminal suspect has committed new crimes or needs to be prosecuted for crimes committed before the conditional non-prosecution decision was made; or
(2) The minor criminal suspect has committed grave violations of public security provisions or the provisions on supervision and administration made by the supervising organ relating to conditional non-prosecution.
The people’s procuratorate shall make a non-prosecution decision upon expiry of the probation period expires if the relevant minor criminal suspect involves none of the aforesaid circumstances during the probation period.
Article 274 A case in which the defendant is under the age of 18 at the time of trial shall be tried in closed court sessions, provided that, with the consent of the minor defendant and his/her statutory representative, the school the minor defendant attends and the minor protection organization may assign representatives to attend the trial.
Article 275 Where a criminal who is under the age of 18 at the time of committing the crime has been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of no longer than five years, the criminal records concerned shall be sealed off.
No sealed criminal record may be provided for any entity or individual, except where it is required by judicial organs for case handling or is accessed by a relevant organization in accordance with State provisions. The organization that accesses the sealed criminal record in accordance with the law shall keep confidential the information therein.
Article 276 Unless otherwise prescribed in this Chapter, criminal cases committed by minors shall be handled pursuant to other provisions herein.
Chapter 2: Procedures for Reconciliation Between Parties Concerned in Cases of Public Prosecution
Article 277 With respect to the following cases of public prosecution, the parties thereto may reach reconciliation agreements if the criminal suspects or defendants have showed true repentance and obtained the forgiveness of the victims by means of compensation and apologies and the victims have voluntarily accepted reconciliation:
(1) Cases involving crimes prescribed under Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of the Special Provisions of the Criminal Law that arise out of private disputes, which are punishable by fixed-term imprisonment of no longer than three; and
(2) Cases of crimes of negligence which are punishable by a fixed-term imprisonment of no longer than seven years, except for crimes of malfeasance.
The procedures stipulated under this Chapter shall not apply to any criminal suspect or defendant who has committed intentional crimes over the past five years.
Article 278 Where the parties to a criminal case reach reconciliation, the public security organ, people’s procuratorate and people’s court concerned shall consult the parties concerned and other relevant persons, review the voluntariness and legitimacy of the reconciliation, and organize the preparation of the reconciliation agreement.
Article 279 With respect to a case where a reconciliation agreement has been reached, the public security organ concerned may advise the people’s procuratorate to seek for lenient punishment. The people’s procuratorate may, in turn, advise the people’s court concerned to mete out lenient punishment. The people’s procuratorate may decide not to prosecute the case if the circumstances of the crime are minor and is not punishable by criminal punishment. The people’s court may impose lenient punishment on the defendant in accordance with the law.
Chapter 3: Procedures for Confiscating Illegal Gains in Cases Where the Criminal Suspect or Defendant Has Absconded or Died
Article 128 A people’s procuratorate may apply with a people’s court for confiscation of illegal gains in a case of grave crimes such as corruption, bribery or terrorist activities where the criminal suspects or defendants have absconded and have not been found one year after the public arrest warrants were issued, or where the criminal suspects or defendants have died, and the illegal gains and other property involved in the case shall be confiscated pursuant to the Criminal Law.
Where a public security organ is of the opinion that any of the circumstances as specified in the preceding paragraph exists, it shall prepare the letter of opinions on confiscation of illegal gains, and refer the cases to the people’s procuratorate.
An application for confiscation of illegal gains shall contain the relevant evidence materials concerning the facts of the crime and the illegal gains, and shall specify the types, amounts and locations of the property, and whether the property has been sealed up, seized and frozen.
Where necessary, a people’s court may seal up, seize and freeze the property for which an application for confiscation has been made.
Article 281 An application for confiscation of illegal gains shall be heard by the collegial panel formed by the intermediate people’s court in the place where the crime takes place or in the domicile of the criminal suspect or defendant.
A people’s court shall issue an announcement after accepting an application for confiscation of illegal gains. The announcement shall be valid for six months. The close relatives and other interested parties of the criminal suspect or defendant concerned shall be entitled to apply to attend the litigation proceedings, or entrust agents ad litem to attend the proceedings.
The people’s court shall hear the application for confiscation of illegal gains upon expiry of the announcement period. Where an interested party attends the proceedings, the people’s court shall hear the application in court sessions.
Article 282 A people’s court shall, after investigation and hearing, make a ruling to confiscate the property that is found to be illegal gains or other property involved in the case, exclusive of the property that shall be returned to the victim in accordance with the law. Where the property shall not be confiscated, the people’s court shall make a ruling to dismiss the application, and free the property from being sealed up, seized or frozen.
The close relatives and other interested persons of the criminal suspect or defendant concerned, or the people’s procuratorate may appeal or protest against the ruling made by the people’s court pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
Article 283 A people’s court shall terminate the trial of a case if the criminal suspect or defendant at large surrenders him/herself voluntarily or is captured during court proceedings.
Property that has been mistakenly confiscated shall be returned or repaid to the criminal suspect or defendant concerned.
Chapter 4: Procedures for Compulsory Medical Treatment for Mentally Ill Persons who Are not Held Criminal Responsible
Article 284 A mentally ill person who has endangered public security or seriously endangered the personal security of citizens by committing acts of violence, but who is not criminally liable upon expert evaluation according to statutory procedures may be placed under compulsory medical treatment if he/she is likely to continue to pose a threat to the society.
Article 285 People’s courts shall decide on the compulsory medical treatment of persons with mental illness in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
Where a public security organ discovers that a mentally ill person satisfies the conditions for the compulsory medical treatment, it shall issue the letter of opinions on compulsory medical treatment, and refer the case to the relevant people’s procuratorate. Where the people’s procuratorate finds that a mentally ill person referred thereto by the public security organ satisfies the conditions for compulsory medical treatment, or finds the said circumstance during the examination before prosecution, the people's procuratorate shall apply with the relevant people’s court for compulsory medical treatment. Where the people’s court finds in the trial of the case that the defendant satisfies the conditions for compulsory medical treatment, it may make a decision on compulsory medical treatment.
With respect to a mentally ill person who has committed acts of violence, the relevant public security organ may take protective and temporary restraining measures thereon before the people's court renders a decision on compulsory medical treatment.
Article 286 A people’s court shall form a collegial panel to hear an application for compulsory medical treatment upon the acceptance thereof.
The people’s court shall inform the statutory representative of the respondent or the defendant to attend the hearing of an application for compulsory medical treatment. Where the respondent or the defendant has not entrusted an agent ad litem, the people’s court shall inform a legal aid agency to designate a lawyer to provide him/her with legal services.
Article 287 Where a people’s court, upon hearing, is of the opinion that the respondent or the defendant satisfies the conditions for compulsory medical treatment, it shall make a decision on compulsory medical treatment within one month.
The person against whom the decision on compulsory medical treatment is made, or the victim and his/her statutory representative or close relatives who raise objections to the decision on compulsory medical treatment may apply for reconsideration with the people’s court at the next higher level.
Article 288 An institution providing compulsory medical treatment shall conduct regular diagnosis and assessment of the person receiving such treatment. If the person no longer poses threats to the personal security of others, and needs no further compulsory medical treatment, the said institution shall propose to lift the compulsory medical treatment on a timely basis and submit the proposal to the people’s court that has made the decision on compulsory medical treatment for approval.
The person receiving compulsory medical treatment and his/her close relatives shall be entitled to apply for termination of compulsory medical treatment.
Article 289 People’s procuratorates shall supervise the decision and implementation of compulsory medical treatment.
Supplementary Provisions
Article 290 The security departments of the Army shall exercise the power of investigation with respect to criminal offences that have occurred in the Army.
Crimes committed by criminals in prison shall be investigated by the prison.
The handling of criminal cases by the security departments of the Army and by prisons shall be governed by the relevant provisions of this Law.
（1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过
根据1996年3月17日第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第一次修正
根据2012年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第二次修正）
目 录
第一编 总 则
第一章 任务和基本原则
第二章 管 辖
第三章 回 避
第四章 辩护与代理
第五章 证 据
第六章 强制措施
第七章 附带民事诉讼
第八章 期间、送达
第九章 其他规定
第二编 立案、侦查和提起公诉
第一章 立 案
第二章 侦 查
第三章 提起公诉
第三编 审 判
第一章 审判组织
第二章 第一审程序
第三章 第二审程序
第四章 死刑复核程序
第五章 审判监督程序
第四编 执 行
第五编 特别程序
第一章 未成年人刑事案件诉讼程序
第二章 当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序
第三章 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得的没收程序
第四章 依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序
附 则
中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法
第一编 总 则
第一章 任务和基本原则
第一条 为了保证刑法的正确实施，惩罚犯罪，保护人民，保障国家安全和社会公共安全，维护社会主义社会秩序，根据宪法，制定本法。
第二条 中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的任务，是保证准确、及时地查明犯罪事实，正确应用法律，惩罚犯罪分子，保障无罪的人不受刑事追究，教育公民自觉遵守法律，积极 同犯罪行为作斗争，维护社会主义法制，尊重和保障人权，保护公民的人身权利、财产权利、民主权利和其他权利，保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。
第三条 对刑事案件的侦查、拘留、执行逮捕、预审，由公安机关负责。检察、批准逮捕、检察机关直接受理的案件的侦查、提起公诉，由人民检察院负责。审判由人民法院负责。除法律特别规定的以外，其他任何机关、团体和个人都无权行使这些权力。
人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，必须严格遵守本法和其他法律的有关规定。
第四条 国家安全机关依照法律规定，办理危害国家安全的刑事案件，行使与公安机关相同的职权。
第五条 人民法院依照法律规定独立行使审判权，人民检察院依照法律规定独立行使检察权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。
第六条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，必须依靠群众，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。对于一切公民，在适用法律上一律平等，在法律面前，不允许有任何特权。
第七条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。
第八条 人民检察院依法对刑事诉讼实行法律监督。
第九条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的诉讼参与人，应当为他们翻译。
在少数民族聚居或者多民族杂居的地区，应当用当地通用的语言进行审讯，用当地通用的文字发布判决书、布告和其他文件。
第十条 人民法院审判案件，实行两审终审制。
第十一条 人民法院审判案件，除本法另有规定的以外，一律公开进行。被告人有权获得辩护，人民法院有义务保证被告人获得辩护。
第十二条 未经人民法院依法判决，对任何人都不得确定有罪。
第十三条 人民法院审判案件，依照本法实行人民陪审员陪审的制度。
第十四条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和其他诉讼参与人依法享有的辩护权和其他诉讼权利。
诉讼参与人对于审判人员、检察人员和侦查人员侵犯公民诉讼权利和人身侮辱的行为，有权提出控告。
第十五条 有下列情形之一的，不追究刑事责任，已经追究的，应当撤销案件，或者不起诉，或者终止审理，或者宣告无罪：
（一）情节显著轻微、危害不大，不认为是犯罪的；
（二）犯罪已过追诉时效期限的；
（三）经特赦令免除刑罚的；
（四）依照刑法告诉才处理的犯罪，没有告诉或者撤回告诉的；
（五）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人死亡的；
（六）其他法律规定免予追究刑事责任的。
第十六条 对于外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的，适用本法的规定。
对于享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的，通过外交途径解决。
第十七条 根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则，我国司法机关和外国司法机关可以相互请求刑事司法协助。
第二章 管 辖
第十八条 刑事案件的侦查由公安机关进行，法律另有规定的除外。
贪污贿赂犯罪，国家工作人员的渎职犯罪，国家机关工作人员利用职权实施的非法拘禁、刑讯逼供、报复陷害、非法搜查的侵犯公民人身权利的犯罪 以及侵犯公民民主权利的犯罪，由人民检察院立案侦查。对于国家机关工作人员利用职权实施的其他重大的犯罪案件，需要由人民检察院直接受理的时候，经省级以 上人民检察院决定，可以由人民检察院立案侦查。
自诉案件，由人民法院直接受理。
第十九条 基层人民法院管辖第一审普通刑事案件，但是依照本法由上级人民法院管辖的除外。
第二十条 中级人民法院管辖下列第一审刑事案件：
（一）危害国家安全、恐怖活动案件；
（二）可能判处无期徒刑、死刑的案件。
第二十一条 高级人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件，是全省（自治区、直辖市）性的重大刑事案件。
第二十二条 最高人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件，是全国性的重大刑事案件。
第二十三条 上级人民法院在必要的时候，可以审判下级人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件；下级人民法院认为案情重大、复杂需要由上级人民法院审判的第一审刑事案件，可以请求移送上一级人民法院审判。
第二十四条 刑事案件由犯罪地的人民法院管辖。如果由被告人居住地的人民法院审判更为适宜的，可以由被告人居住地的人民法院管辖。
第二十五条 几个同级人民法院都有权管辖的案件，由最初受理的人民法院审判。在必要的时候，可以移送主要犯罪地的人民法院审判。
第二十六条 上级人民法院可以指定下级人民法院审判管辖不明的案件，也可以指定下级人民法院将案件移送其他人民法院审判。
第二十七条 专门人民法院案件的管辖另行规定。
第三章 回 避
第二十八条 审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员有下列情形之一的，应当自行回避，当事人及其法定代理人也有权要求他们回避：
（一）是本案的当事人或者是当事人的近亲属的；
（二）本人或者他的近亲属和本案有利害关系的；
（三）担任过本案的证人、鉴定人、辩护人、诉讼代理人的；
（四）与本案当事人有其他关系，可能影响公正处理案件的。
第二十九条 审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员不得接受当事人及其委托的人的请客送礼，不得违反规定会见当事人及其委托的人。
审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员违反前款规定的，应当依法追究法律责任。当事人及其法定代理人有权要求他们回避。
第三十条 审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员的回避，应当分别由院长、检察长、公安机关负责人决定；院长的回避，由本院审判委员会决定；检察长和公安机关负责人的回避，由同级人民检察院检察委员会决定。
对侦查人员的回避作出决定前，侦查人员不能停止对案件的侦查。
对驳回申请回避的决定，当事人及其法定代理人可以申请复议一次。
第三十一条 本章关于回避的规定适用于书记员、翻译人员和鉴定人。
辩护人、诉讼代理人可以依照本章的规定要求回避、申请复议。
第四章 辩护与代理
第三十二条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人除自己行使辩护权以外，还可以委托一至二人作为辩护人。下列的人可以被委托为辩护人：
（一）律师；
（二）人民团体或者犯罪嫌疑人、被告人所在单位推荐的人；
（三）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的监护人、亲友。
正在被执行刑罚或者依法被剥夺、限制人身自由的人，不得担任辩护人。
第三十三条 犯罪嫌疑人自被侦查机关第一次讯问或者采取强制措施之日起，有权委托辩护人；在侦查期间，只能委托律师作为辩护人。被告人有权随时委托辩护人。
侦查机关在第一次讯问犯罪嫌疑人或者对犯罪嫌疑人采取强制措施的时候，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人。人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的 案件材料之日起三日以内，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人。人民法院自受理案件之日起三日以内，应当告知被告人有权委托辩护人。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在押 期间要求委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当及时转达其要求。
犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在押的，也可以由其监护人、近亲属代为委托辩护人。
辩护人接受犯罪嫌疑人、被告人委托后，应当及时告知办理案件的机关。
第三十四条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人因经济困难或者其他原因没有委托辩护人的，本人及其近亲属可以向法律援助机构提出申请。对符合法律援助条件的，法律援助机构应当指派律师为其提供辩护。
犯罪嫌疑人、被告人是盲、聋、哑人，或者是尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人，没有委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供辩护。
犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可能被判处无期徒刑、死刑，没有委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供辩护。
第三十五条 辩护人的责任是根据事实和法律，提出犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除其刑事责任的材料和意见，维护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的诉讼权利和其他合法权益。
第三十六条 辩护律师在侦查期间可以为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律帮助；代理申诉、控告；申请变更强制措施；向侦查机关了解犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌的罪名和案件有关情况，提出意见。
第三十七条 辩护律师可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可，也可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。
辩护律师持律师执业证书、律师事务所证明和委托书或者法律援助公函要求会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的，看守所应当及时安排会见，至迟不得超过四十八小时。
危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、特别重大贿赂犯罪案件，在侦查期间辩护律师会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人，应当经侦查机关许可。上述案件，侦查机关应当事先通知看守所。
辩护律师会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以了解案件有关情况，提供法律咨询等；自案件移送审查起诉之日起，可以向犯罪嫌疑人、被告人核实有关证据。辩护律师会见犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时不被监听。
辩护律师同被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见、通信，适用第一款、第三款、第四款的规定。
第三十八条 辩护律师自人民检察院对案件审查起诉之日起，可以查阅、摘抄、复制本案的案卷材料。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可，也可以查阅、摘抄、复制上述材料。
第三十九条 辩护人认为在侦查、审查起诉期间公安机关、人民检察院收集的证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪或者罪轻的证据材料未提交的，有权申请人民检察院、人民法院调取。
第四十条 辩护人收集的有关犯罪嫌疑人不在犯罪现场、未达到刑事责任年龄、属于依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的证据，应当及时告知公安机关、人民检察院。
第四十一条 辩护律师经证人或者其他有关单位和个人同意，可以向他们收集与本案有关的材料，也可以申请人民检察院、人民法院收集、调取证据，或者申请人民法院通知证人出庭作证。
辩护律师经人民检察院或者人民法院许可，并且经被害人或者其近亲属、被害人提供的证人同意，可以向他们收集与本案有关的材料。
第四十二条 辩护人或者其他任何人，不得帮助犯罪嫌疑人、被告人隐匿、毁灭、伪造证据或者串供，不得威胁、引诱证人作伪证以及进行其他干扰司法机关诉讼活动的行为。
违反前款规定的，应当依法追究法律责任，辩护人涉嫌犯罪的，应当由办理辩护人所承办案件的侦查机关以外的侦查机关办理。辩护人是律师的，应当及时通知其所在的律师事务所或者所属的律师协会。
第四十三条 在审判过程中，被告人可以拒绝辩护人继续为他辩护，也可以另行委托辩护人辩护。
第四十四条 公诉案件的被害人及其法定代理人或者近亲属，附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人，自案件移送审查起诉之日起，有权委托诉讼代理人。自诉案件的自诉人及其法定代理人，附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人，有权随时委托诉讼代理人。
人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的案件材料之日起三日以内，应当告知被害人及其法定代理人或者其近亲属、附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人 有权委托诉讼代理人。人民法院自受理自诉案件之日起三日以内，应当告知自诉人及其法定代理人、附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人有权委托诉讼代理人。
第四十五条 委托诉讼代理人，参照本法第三十二条的规定执行。
第四十六条 辩护律师对在执业活动中知悉的委托人的有关情况和信息，有权予以保密。但是，辩护律师在执业活动中知悉委托人或者其他人，准备或者正在实施危害国家安全、公共安全以及严重危害他人人身安全的犯罪的，应当及时告知司法机关。
第四十七条 辩护人、诉讼代理人认为公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院及其工作人员阻碍其依法行使诉讼权利的，有权向同级或者上一级人民检察院申诉或者控告。人民检察院对申诉或者控告应当及时进行审查，情况属实的，通知有关机关予以纠正。
第五章 证 据
第四十八条 可以用于证明案件事实的材料，都是证据。
证据包括：
（一）物证；
（二）书证；
（三）证人证言；
（四）被害人陈述；
（五）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和辩解；
（六）鉴定意见；
（七）勘验、检查、辨认、侦查实验等笔录；
（八）视听资料、电子数据。
证据必须经过查证属实，才能作为定案的根据。
第四十九条 公诉案件中被告人有罪的举证责任由人民检察院承担，自诉案件中被告人有罪的举证责任由自诉人承担。
第五十条 审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员必须依照法定程序，收集能够证实犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有罪或者无罪、犯罪情节轻重的各种证据。严禁刑讯逼供和以威胁、引诱、欺 骗以及其他非法方法收集证据，不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪。必须保证一切与案件有关或者了解案情的公民，有客观地充分地提供证据的条件，除特殊情况外，可 以吸收他们协助调查。
第五十一条 公安机关提请批准逮捕书、人民检察院起诉书、人民法院判决书，必须忠实于事实真象。故意隐瞒事实真象的，应当追究责任。
第五十二条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关有权向有关单位和个人收集、调取证据。有关单位和个人应当如实提供证据。
行政机关在行政执法和查办案件过程中收集的物证、书证、视听资料、电子数据等证据材料，在刑事诉讼中可以作为证据使用。
对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私的证据，应当保密。
凡是伪造证据、隐匿证据或者毁灭证据的，无论属于何方，必须受法律追究。
第五十三条 对一切案件的判处都要重证据，重调查研究，不轻信口供。只有被告人供述，没有其他证据的，不能认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚；没有被告人供述，证据确实、充分的，可以认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚。
证据确实、充分，应当符合以下条件：
（一）定罪量刑的事实都有证据证明；
（二）据以定案的证据均经法定程序查证属实；
（三）综合全案证据，对所认定事实已排除合理怀疑。
第五十四条 采用刑讯逼供等非法方法收集的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和采用暴力、威胁等非法方法收集的证人证言、被害人陈述，应当予以排除。收集物证、书证不符合法定程 序，可能严重影响司法公正的，应当予以补正或者作出合理解释；不能补正或者作出合理解释的，对该证据应当予以排除。
在侦查、审查起诉、审判时发现有应当排除的证据的，应当依法予以排除，不得作为起诉意见、起诉决定和判决的依据。
第五十五条 人民检察院接到报案、控告、举报或者发现侦查人员以非法方法收集证据的，应当进行调查核实。对于确有以非法方法收集证据情形的，应当提出纠正意见；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第五十六条 法庭审理过程中，审判人员认为可能存在本法第五十四条规定的以非法方法收集证据情形的，应当对证据收集的合法性进行法庭调查。
当事人及其辩护人、诉讼代理人有权申请人民法院对以非法方法收集的证据依法予以排除。申请排除以非法方法收集的证据的，应当提供相关线索或者材料。
第五十七条 在对证据收集的合法性进行法庭调查的过程中，人民检察院应当对证据收集的合法性加以证明。
现有证据材料不能证明证据收集的合法性的，人民检察院可以提请人民法院通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况；人民法院可以通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况。有关侦查人员或者其他人员也可以要求出庭说明情况。经人民法院通知，有关人员应当出庭。
第五十八条 对于经过法庭审理，确认或者不能排除存在本法第五十四条规定的以非法方法收集证据情形的，对有关证据应当予以排除。
第五十九条 证人证言必须在法庭上经过公诉人、被害人和被告人、辩护人双方质证并且查实以后，才能作为定案的根据。法庭查明证人有意作伪证或者隐匿罪证的时候，应当依法处理。
第六十条 凡是知道案件情况的人，都有作证的义务。
生理上、精神上有缺陷或者年幼，不能辨别是非、不能正确表达的人，不能作证人。
第六十一条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当保障证人及其近亲属的安全。
对证人及其近亲属进行威胁、侮辱、殴打或者打击报复，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不够刑事处罚的，依法给予治安管理处罚。
第六十二条 对于危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、毒品犯罪等案件，证人、鉴定人、被害人因在诉讼中作证，本人或者其近亲属的人身安全面临危险的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当采取以下一项或者多项保护措施：
（一）不公开真实姓名、住址和工作单位等个人信息；
（二）采取不暴露外貌、真实声音等出庭作证措施；
（三）禁止特定的人员接触证人、鉴定人、被害人及其近亲属；
（四）对人身和住宅采取专门性保护措施；
（五）其他必要的保护措施。
证人、鉴定人、被害人认为因在诉讼中作证，本人或者其近亲属的人身安全面临危险的，可以向人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关请求予以保护。
人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关依法采取保护措施，有关单位和个人应当配合。
第六十三条 证人因履行作证义务而支出的交通、住宿、就餐等费用，应当给予补助。证人作证的补助列入司法机关业务经费，由同级政府财政予以保障。
有工作单位的证人作证，所在单位不得克扣或者变相克扣其工资、奖金及其他福利待遇。
第六章 强制措施
第六十四条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关根据案件情况，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可以拘传、取保候审或者监视居住。
第六十五条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以取保候审：
（一）可能判处管制、拘役或者独立适用附加刑的；
（二）可能判处有期徒刑以上刑罚，采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的；
（三）患有严重疾病、生活不能自理，怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女，采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的；
（四）羁押期限届满，案件尚未办结，需要采取取保候审的。
取保候审由公安机关执行。
第六十六条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关决定对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人取保候审，应当责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提出保证人或者交纳保证金。
第六十七条 保证人必须符合下列条件：
（一）与本案无牵连；
（二）有能力履行保证义务；
（三）享有政治权利，人身自由未受到限制；
（四）有固定的住处和收入。
第六十八条 保证人应当履行以下义务：
（一）监督被保证人遵守本法第六十九条的规定；
（二）发现被保证人可能发生或者已经发生违反本法第六十九条规定的行为的，应当及时向执行机关报告。
被保证人有违反本法第六十九条规定的行为，保证人未履行保证义务的，对保证人处以罚款，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第六十九条 被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当遵守以下规定：
（一）未经执行机关批准不得离开所居住的市、县；
（二）住址、工作单位和联系方式发生变动的，在二十四小时以内向执行机关报告；
（三）在传讯的时候及时到案；
（四）不得以任何形式干扰证人作证；
（五）不得毁灭、伪造证据或者串供。
人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关可以根据案件情况，责令被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人遵守以下一项或者多项规定：
（一）不得进入特定的场所；
（二）不得与特定的人员会见或者通信；
（三）不得从事特定的活动；
（四）将护照等出入境证件、驾驶证件交执行机关保存。
被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反前两款规定，已交纳保证金的，没收部分或者全部保证金，并且区别情形，责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人具结悔过，重新交纳保证金、提出保证人，或者监视居住、予以逮捕。
对违反取保候审规定，需要予以逮捕的，可以对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人先行拘留。
第七十条 取保候审的决定机关应当综合考虑保证诉讼活动正常进行的需要，被取保候审人的社会危险性，案件的性质、情节，可能判处刑罚的轻重，被取保候审人的经济状况等情况，确定保证金的数额。
提供保证金的人应当将保证金存入执行机关指定银行的专门账户。
第七十一条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在取保候审期间未违反本法第六十九条规定的，取保候审结束的时候，凭解除取保候审的通知或者有关法律文书到银行领取退还的保证金。
第七十二条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对符合逮捕条件，有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以监视居住：
（一）患有严重疾病、生活不能自理的；
（二）怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女；
（三）系生活不能自理的人的唯一扶养人；
（四）因为案件的特殊情况或者办理案件的需要，采取监视居住措施更为适宜的；
（五）羁押期限届满，案件尚未办结，需要采取监视居住措施的。
对符合取保候审条件，但犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不能提出保证人，也不交纳保证金的，可以监视居住。
监视居住由公安机关执行。
第七十三条 监视居住应当在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的住处执行；无固定住处的，可以在指定的居所执行。对于涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、特别重大贿赂犯罪，在住处 执行可能有碍侦查的，经上一级人民检察院或者公安机关批准，也可以在指定的居所执行。但是，不得在羁押场所、专门的办案场所执行。
指定居所监视居住的，除无法通知的以外，应当在执行监视居住后二十四小时以内，通知被监视居住人的家属。
被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人委托辩护人，适用本法第三十三条的规定。
人民检察院对指定居所监视居住的决定和执行是否合法实行监督。
第七十四条 指定居所监视居住的期限应当折抵刑期。被判处管制的，监视居住一日折抵刑期一日；被判处拘役、有期徒刑的，监视居住二日折抵刑期一日。
第七十五条 被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当遵守以下规定：
（一）未经执行机关批准不得离开执行监视居住的处所；
（二）未经执行机关批准不得会见他人或者通信；
（三）在传讯的时候及时到案；
（四）不得以任何形式干扰证人作证；
（五）不得毁灭、伪造证据或者串供；
（六）将护照等出入境证件、身份证件、驾驶证件交执行机关保存。
被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反前款规定，情节严重的，可以予以逮捕；需要予以逮捕的，可以对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人先行拘留。
第七十六条 执行机关对被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以采取电子监控、不定期检查等监视方法对其遵守监视居住规定的情况进行监督；在侦查期间，可以对被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人的通信进行监控。
第七十七条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人取保候审最长不得超过十二个月，监视居住最长不得超过六个月。
在取保候审、监视居住期间，不得中断对案件的侦查、起诉和审理。对于发现不应当追究刑事责任或者取保候审、监视居住期限届满的，应当及时解除取保候审、监视居住。解除取保候审、监视居住，应当及时通知被取保候审、监视居住人和有关单位。
第七十八条 逮捕犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，必须经过人民检察院批准或者人民法院决定，由公安机关执行。
第七十九条 对有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，采取取保候审尚不足以防止发生下列社会危险性的，应当予以逮捕：
（一）可能实施新的犯罪的；
（二）有危害国家安全、公共安全或者社会秩序的现实危险的；
（三）可能毁灭、伪造证据，干扰证人作证或者串供的；
（四）可能对被害人、举报人、控告人实施打击报复的；
（五）企图自杀或者逃跑的。
对有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处十年有期徒刑以上刑罚的，或者有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处徒刑以上刑罚，曾经故意犯罪或者身份不明的，应当予以逮捕。
被取保候审、监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反取保候审、监视居住规定，情节严重的，可以予以逮捕。
第八十条 公安机关对于现行犯或者重大嫌疑分子，如果有下列情形之一的，可以先行拘留：
（一）正在预备犯罪、实行犯罪或者在犯罪后即时被发觉的；
（二）被害人或者在场亲眼看见的人指认他犯罪的；
（三）在身边或者住处发现有犯罪证据的；
（四）犯罪后企图自杀、逃跑或者在逃的；
（五）有毁灭、伪造证据或者串供可能的；
（六）不讲真实姓名、住址，身份不明的；
（七）有流窜作案、多次作案、结伙作案重大嫌疑的。
第八十一条 公安机关在异地执行拘留、逮捕的时候，应当通知被拘留、逮捕人所在地的公安机关，被拘留、逮捕人所在地的公安机关应当予以配合。
第八十二条 对于有下列情形的人，任何公民都可以立即扭送公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院处理：
（一）正在实行犯罪或者在犯罪后即时被发觉的；
（二）通缉在案的；
（三）越狱逃跑的；
（四）正在被追捕的。
第八十三条 公安机关拘留人的时候，必须出示拘留证。
拘留后，应当立即将被拘留人送看守所羁押，至迟不得超过二十四小时。除无法通知或者涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪通知可能有碍侦查的情形以外，应当在拘留后二十四小时以内，通知被拘留人的家属。有碍侦查的情形消失以后，应当立即通知被拘留人的家属。
第八十四条 公安机关对被拘留的人，应当在拘留后的二十四小时以内进行讯问。在发现不应当拘留的时候，必须立即释放，发给释放证明。
第八十五条 公安机关要求逮捕犯罪嫌疑人的时候，应当写出提请批准逮捕书，连同案卷材料、证据，一并移送同级人民检察院审查批准。必要的时候，人民检察院可以派人参加公安机关对于重大案件的讨论。
第八十六条 人民检察院审查批准逮捕，可以讯问犯罪嫌疑人；有下列情形之一的，应当讯问犯罪嫌疑人：
（一）对是否符合逮捕条件有疑问的；
（二）犯罪嫌疑人要求向检察人员当面陈述的；
（三）侦查活动可能有重大违法行为的。
人民检察院审查批准逮捕，可以询问证人等诉讼参与人，听取辩护律师的意见；辩护律师提出要求的，应当听取辩护律师的意见。
第八十七条 人民检察院审查批准逮捕犯罪嫌疑人由检察长决定。重大案件应当提交检察委员会讨论决定。
第八十八条 人民检察院对于公安机关提请批准逮捕的案件进行审查后，应当根据情况分别作出批准逮捕或者不批准逮捕的决定。对于批准逮捕的决定，公安机关应当立即执行， 并且将执行情况及时通知人民检察院。对于不批准逮捕的，人民检察院应当说明理由，需要补充侦查的，应当同时通知公安机关。
第八十九条 公安机关对被拘留的人，认为需要逮捕的，应当在拘留后的三日以内，提请人民检察院审查批准。在特殊情况下，提请审查批准的时间可以延长一日至四日。
对于流窜作案、多次作案、结伙作案的重大嫌疑分子，提请审查批准的时间可以延长至三十日。
人民检察院应当自接到公安机关提请批准逮捕书后的七日以内，作出批准逮捕或者不批准逮捕的决定。人民检察院不批准逮捕的，公安机关应当在接 到通知后立即释放，并且将执行情况及时通知人民检察院。对于需要继续侦查，并且符合取保候审、监视居住条件的，依法取保候审或者监视居住。
第九十条 公安机关对人民检察院不批准逮捕的决定，认为有错误的时候，可以要求复议，但是必须将被拘留的人立即释放。如果意见不被接受，可以向上一级人民检察院提请复核。上级人民检察院应当立即复核，作出是否变更的决定，通知下级人民检察院和公安机关执行。
第九十一条 公安机关逮捕人的时候，必须出示逮捕证。
逮捕后，应当立即将被逮捕人送看守所羁押。除无法通知的以外，应当在逮捕后二十四小时以内，通知被逮捕人的家属。
第九十二条 人民法院、人民检察院对于各自决定逮捕的人，公安机关对于经人民检察院批准逮捕的人，都必须在逮捕后的二十四小时以内进行讯问。在发现不应当逮捕的时候，必须立即释放，发给释放证明。
第九十三条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被逮捕后，人民检察院仍应当对羁押的必要性进行审查。对不需要继续羁押的，应当建议予以释放或者变更强制措施。有关机关应当在十日以内将处理情况通知人民检察院。
第九十四条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关如果发现对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采取强制措施不当的，应当及时撤销或者变更。公安机关释放被逮捕的人或者变更逮捕措施的，应当通知原批准的人民检察院。
第九十五条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属或者辩护人有权申请变更强制措施。人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关收到申请后，应当在三日以内作出决定；不同意变更强制措施的，应当告知申请人，并说明不同意的理由。
第九十六条 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被羁押的案件，不能在本法规定的侦查羁押、审查起诉、一审、二审期限内办结的，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当予以释放；需要继续查证、审理的，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可以取保候审或者监视居住。
第九十七条 人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关对被采取强制措施法定期限届满的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，应当予以释放、解除取保候审、监视居住或者依法变更强制措施。犯罪 嫌疑人、被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属或者辩护人对于人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关采取强制措施法定期限届满的，有权要求解除强制措施。
第九十八条 人民检察院在审查批准逮捕工作中，如果发现公安机关的侦查活动有违法情况，应当通知公安机关予以纠正，公安机关应当将纠正情况通知人民检察院。
第七章 附带民事诉讼
第九十九条 被害人由于被告人的犯罪行为而遭受物质损失的，在刑事诉讼过程中，有权提起附带民事诉讼。被害人死亡或者丧失行为能力的，被害人的法定代理人、近亲属有权提起附带民事诉讼。
如果是国家财产、集体财产遭受损失的，人民检察院在提起公诉的时候，可以提起附带民事诉讼。
第一百条 人民法院在必要的时候，可以采取保全措施，查封、扣押或者冻结被告人的财产。附带民事诉讼原告人或者人民检察院可以申请人民法院采取保全措施。人民法院采取保全措施，适用民事诉讼法的有关规定。
第一百零一条 人民法院审理附带民事诉讼案件，可以进行调解，或者根据物质损失情况作出判决、裁定。
第一百零二条 附带民事诉讼应当同刑事案件一并审判，只有为了防止刑事案件审判的过分迟延，才可以在刑事案件审判后，由同一审判组织继续审理附带民事诉讼。
第八章 期间、送达
第一百零三条 期间以时、日、月计算。
期间开始的时和日不算在期间以内。
法定期间不包括路途上的时间。上诉状或者其他文件在期满前已经交邮的，不算过期。
期间的最后一日为节假日的，以节假日后的第一日为期满日期，但犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者罪犯在押期间，应当至期满之日为止，不得因节假日而延长。
第一百零四条 当事人由于不能抗拒的原因或者有其他正当理由而耽误期限的，在障碍消除后五日以内，可以申请继续进行应当在期满以前完成的诉讼活动。
前款申请是否准许，由人民法院裁定。
第一百零五条 送达传票、通知书和其他诉讼文件应当交给收件人本人；如果本人不在，可以交给他的成年家属或者所在单位的负责人员代收。
收件人本人或者代收人拒绝接收或者拒绝签名、盖章的时候，送达人可以邀请他的邻居或者其他见证人到场，说明情况，把文件留在他的住处，在送达证上记明拒绝的事由、送达的日期，由送达人签名，即认为已经送达。
第九章 其他规定
第一百零六条 本法下列用语的含意是：
（一）“侦查”是指公安机关、人民检察院在办理案件过程中，依照法律进行的专门调查工作和有关的强制性措施；
（二）“当事人”是指被害人、自诉人、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人；
（三）“法定代理人”是指被代理人的父母、养父母、监护人和负有保护责任的机关、团体的代表；
（四）“诉讼参与人”是指当事人、法定代理人、诉讼代理人、辩护人、证人、鉴定人和翻译人员；
（五）“诉讼代理人”是指公诉案件的被害人及其法定代理人或者近亲属、自诉案件的自诉人及其法定代理人委托代为参加诉讼的人和附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人委托代为参加诉讼的人；
（六）“近亲属”是指夫、妻、父、母、子、女、同胞兄弟姊妹。
第二编 立案、侦查和提起公诉
第一章 立 案
第一百零七条 公安机关或者人民检察院发现犯罪事实或者犯罪嫌疑人，应当按照管辖范围，立案侦查。
第一百零八条 任何单位和个人发现有犯罪事实或者犯罪嫌疑人，有权利也有义务向公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院报案或者举报。
被害人对侵犯其人身、财产权利的犯罪事实或者犯罪嫌疑人，有权向公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院报案或者控告。
公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院对于报案、控告、举报，都应当接受。对于不属于自己管辖的，应当移送主管机关处理，并且通知报案人、控告人、举报人；对于不属于自己管辖而又必须采取紧急措施的，应当先采取紧急措施，然后移送主管机关。
犯罪人向公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院自首的，适用第三款规定。
第一百零九条 报案、控告、举报可以用书面或者口头提出。接受口头报案、控告、举报的工作人员，应当写成笔录，经宣读无误后，由报案人、控告人、举报人签名或者盖章。
接受控告、举报的工作人员，应当向控告人、举报人说明诬告应负的法律责任。但是，只要不是捏造事实，伪造证据，即使控告、举报的事实有出入，甚至是错告的，也要和诬告严格加以区别。
公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院应当保障报案人、控告人、举报人及其近亲属的安全。报案人、控告人、举报人如果不愿公开自己的姓名和报案、控告、举报的行为，应当为他保守秘密。
第一百一十条 人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关对于报案、控告、举报和自首的材料，应当按照管辖范围，迅速进行审查，认为有犯罪事实需要追究刑事责任的时候，应当立 案；认为没有犯罪事实，或者犯罪事实显著轻微，不需要追究刑事责任的时候，不予立案，并且将不立案的原因通知控告人。控告人如果不服，可以申请复议。
第一百一十一条 人民检察院认为公安机关对应当立案侦查的案件而不立案侦查的，或者被害人认为公安机关对应当立案侦查的案件而不立案侦查，向人民检察院提出的，人民检察院 应当要求公安机关说明不立案的理由。人民检察院认为公安机关不立案理由不能成立的，应当通知公安机关立案，公安机关接到通知后应当立案。
第一百一十二条 对于自诉案件，被害人有权向人民法院直接起诉。被害人死亡或者丧失行为能力的，被害人的法定代理人、近亲属有权向人民法院起诉。人民法院应当依法受理。
第二章 侦 查
第一百一十三条 公安机关对已经立案的刑事案件，应当进行侦查，收集、调取犯罪嫌疑人有罪或者无罪、罪轻或者罪重的证据材料。对现行犯或者重大嫌疑分子可以依法先行拘留，对符合逮捕条件的犯罪嫌疑人，应当依法逮捕。
第一百一十四条 公安机关经过侦查，对有证据证明有犯罪事实的案件，应当进行预审，对收集、调取的证据材料予以核实。
第一百一十五条 当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人、利害关系人对于司法机关及其工作人员有下列行为之一的，有权向该机关申诉或者控告：
（一）采取强制措施法定期限届满，不予以释放、解除或者变更的；
（二）应当退还取保候审保证金不退还的；
（三）对与案件无关的财物采取查封、扣押、冻结措施的；
（四）应当解除查封、扣押、冻结不解除的；
（五）贪污、挪用、私分、调换、违反规定使用查封、扣押、冻结的财物的。
受理申诉或者控告的机关应当及时处理。对处理不服的，可以向同级人民检察院申诉；人民检察院直接受理的案件，可以向上一级人民检察院申诉。人民检察院对申诉应当及时进行审查，情况属实的，通知有关机关予以纠正。
第一百一十六条 讯问犯罪嫌疑人必须由人民检察院或者公安机关的侦查人员负责进行。讯问的时候，侦查人员不得少于二人。
犯罪嫌疑人被送交看守所羁押以后，侦查人员对其进行讯问，应当在看守所内进行。
第一百一十七条 对不需要逮捕、拘留的犯罪嫌疑人，可以传唤到犯罪嫌疑人所在市、县内的指定地点或者到他的住处进行讯问，但是应当出示人民检察院或者公安机关的证明文件。对在现场发现的犯罪嫌疑人，经出示工作证件，可以口头传唤，但应当在讯问笔录中注明。
传唤、拘传持续的时间不得超过十二小时；案情特别重大、复杂，需要采取拘留、逮捕措施的，传唤、拘传持续的时间不得超过二十四小时。
不得以连续传唤、拘传的形式变相拘禁犯罪嫌疑人。传唤、拘传犯罪嫌疑人，应当保证犯罪嫌疑人的饮食和必要的休息时间。
第一百一十八条 侦查人员在讯问犯罪嫌疑人的时候，应当首先讯问犯罪嫌疑人是否有犯罪行为，让他陈述有罪的情节或者无罪的辩解，然后向他提出问题。犯罪嫌疑人对侦查人员的提问，应当如实回答。但是对与本案无关的问题，有拒绝回答的权利。
侦查人员在讯问犯罪嫌疑人的时候，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人如实供述自己罪行可以从宽处理的法律规定。
第一百一十九条 讯问聋、哑的犯罪嫌疑人，应当有通晓聋、哑手势的人参加，并且将这种情况记明笔录。
第一百二十条 讯问笔录应当交犯罪嫌疑人核对，对于没有阅读能力的，应当向他宣读。如果记载有遗漏或者差错，犯罪嫌疑人可以提出补充或者改正。犯罪嫌疑人承认笔录没有错 误后，应当签名或者盖章。侦查人员也应当在笔录上签名。犯罪嫌疑人请求自行书写供述的，应当准许。必要的时候，侦查人员也可以要犯罪嫌疑人亲笔书写供词。
第一百二十一条 侦查人员在讯问犯罪嫌疑人的时候，可以对讯问过程进行录音或者录像；对于可能判处无期徒刑、死刑的案件或者其他重大犯罪案件，应当对讯问过程进行录音或者录像。
录音或者录像应当全程进行，保持完整性。
第一百二十二条 侦查人员询问证人，可以在现场进行，也可以到证人所在单位、住处或者证人提出的地点进行，在必要的时候，可以通知证人到人民检察院或者公安机关提供证言。 在现场询问证人，应当出示工作证件，到证人所在单位、住处或者证人提出的地点询问证人，应当出示人民检察院或者公安机关的证明文件。
询问证人应当个别进行。
第一百二十三条 询问证人，应当告知他应当如实地提供证据、证言和有意作伪证或者隐匿罪证要负的法律责任。
第一百二十四条 本法第一百二十条的规定，也适用于询问证人。
第一百二十五条 询问被害人，适用本节各条规定。
第一百二十六条 侦查人员对于与犯罪有关的场所、物品、人身、尸体应当进行勘验或者检查。在必要的时候，可以指派或者聘请具有专门知识的人，在侦查人员的主持下进行勘验、检查。
第一百二十七条 任何单位和个人，都有义务保护犯罪现场，并且立即通知公安机关派员勘验。
第一百二十八条 侦查人员执行勘验、检查，必须持有人民检察院或者公安机关的证明文件。
第一百二十九条 对于死因不明的尸体，公安机关有权决定解剖，并且通知死者家属到场。
第一百三十条 为了确定被害人、犯罪嫌疑人的某些特征、伤害情况或者生理状态，可以对人身进行检查，可以提取指纹信息，采集血液、尿液等生物样本。
犯罪嫌疑人如果拒绝检查，侦查人员认为必要的时候，可以强制检查。
检查妇女的身体，应当由女工作人员或者医师进行。
第一百三十一条 勘验、检查的情况应当写成笔录，由参加勘验、检查的人和见证人签名或者盖章。
第一百三十二条 人民检察院审查案件的时候，对公安机关的勘验、检查，认为需要复验、复查时，可以要求公安机关复验、复查，并且可以派检察人员参加。
第一百三十三条 为了查明案情，在必要的时候，经公安机关负责人批准，可以进行侦查实验。
侦查实验的情况应当写成笔录，由参加实验的人签名或者盖章。
侦查实验，禁止一切足以造成危险、侮辱人格或者有伤风化的行为。
第一百三十四条 为了收集犯罪证据、查获犯罪人，侦查人员可以对犯罪嫌疑人以及可能隐藏罪犯或者犯罪证据的人的身体、物品、住处和其他有关的地方进行搜查。
第一百三十五条 任何单位和个人，有义务按照人民检察院和公安机关的要求，交出可以证明犯罪嫌疑人有罪或者无罪的物证、书证、视听资料等证据。
第一百三十六条 进行搜查，必须向被搜查人出示搜查证。
在执行逮捕、拘留的时候，遇有紧急情况，不另用搜查证也可以进行搜查。
第一百三十七条 在搜查的时候，应当有被搜查人或者他的家属，邻居或者其他见证人在场。
搜查妇女的身体，应当由女工作人员进行。
第一百三十八条 搜查的情况应当写成笔录，由侦查人员和被搜查人或者他的家属，邻居或者其他见证人签名或者盖章。如果被搜查人或者他的家属在逃或者拒绝签名、盖章，应当在笔录上注明。
第一百三十九条 在侦查活动中发现的可用以证明犯罪嫌疑人有罪或者无罪的各种财物、文件，应当查封、扣押；与案件无关的财物、文件，不得查封、扣押。
对查封、扣押的财物、文件，要妥善保管或者封存，不得使用、调换或者损毁。
第一百四十条 对查封、扣押的财物、文件，应当会同在场见证人和被查封、扣押财物、文件持有人查点清楚，当场开列清单一式二份，由侦查人员、见证人和持有人签名或者盖章，一份交给持有人，另一份附卷备查。
第一百四十一条 侦查人员认为需要扣押犯罪嫌疑人的邮件、电报的时候，经公安机关或者人民检察院批准，即可通知邮电机关将有关的邮件、电报检交扣押。
不需要继续扣押的时候，应即通知邮电机关。
第一百四十二条 人民检察院、公安机关根据侦查犯罪的需要，可以依照规定查询、冻结犯罪嫌疑人的存款、汇款、债券、股票、基金份额等财产。有关单位和个人应当配合。
犯罪嫌疑人的存款、汇款、债券、股票、基金份额等财产已被冻结的，不得重复冻结。
第一百四十三条 对查封、扣押的财物、文件、邮件、电报或者冻结的存款、汇款、债券、股票、基金份额等财产，经查明确实与案件无关的，应当在三日以内解除查封、扣押、冻结，予以退还。
第一百四十四条 为了查明案情，需要解决案件中某些专门性问题的时候，应当指派、聘请有专门知识的人进行鉴定。
第一百四十五条 鉴定人进行鉴定后，应当写出鉴定意见，并且签名。
鉴定人故意作虚假鉴定的，应当承担法律责任。
第一百四十六条 侦查机关应当将用作证据的鉴定意见告知犯罪嫌疑人、被害人。如果犯罪嫌疑人、被害人提出申请，可以补充鉴定或者重新鉴定。
第一百四十七条 对犯罪嫌疑人作精神病鉴定的期间不计入办案期限。
第一百四十八条 公安机关在立案后，对于危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、重大毒品犯罪或者其他严重危害社会的犯罪案件，根据侦查犯罪的需要，经过严格的批准手续，可以采取技术侦查措施。
人民检察院在立案后，对于重大的贪污、贿赂犯罪案件以及利用职权实施的严重侵犯公民人身权利的重大犯罪案件，根据侦查犯罪的需要，经过严格的批准手续，可以采取技术侦查措施，按照规定交有关机关执行。
追捕被通缉或者批准、决定逮捕的在逃的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，经过批准，可以采取追捕所必需的技术侦查措施。
第一百四十九条 批准决定应当根据侦查犯罪的需要，确定采取技术侦查措施的种类和适用对象。批准决定自签发之日起三个月以内有效。对于不需要继续采取技术侦查措施的，应当 及时解除；对于复杂、疑难案件，期限届满仍有必要继续采取技术侦查措施的，经过批准，有效期可以延长，每次不得超过三个月。
第一百五十条 采取技术侦查措施，必须严格按照批准的措施种类、适用对象和期限执行。
侦查人员对采取技术侦查措施过程中知悉的国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私，应当保密；对采取技术侦查措施获取的与案件无关的材料，必须及时销毁。
采取技术侦查措施获取的材料，只能用于对犯罪的侦查、起诉和审判，不得用于其他用途。
公安机关依法采取技术侦查措施，有关单位和个人应当配合，并对有关情况予以保密。
第一百五十一条 为了查明案情，在必要的时候，经公安机关负责人决定，可以由有关人员隐匿其身份实施侦查。但是，不得诱使他人犯罪，不得采用可能危害公共安全或者发生重大人身危险的方法。
对涉及给付毒品等违禁品或者财物的犯罪活动，公安机关根据侦查犯罪的需要，可以依照规定实施控制下交付。
第一百五十二条 依照本节规定采取侦查措施收集的材料在刑事诉讼中可以作为证据使用。如果使用该证据可能危及有关人员的人身安全，或者可能产生其他严重后果的，应当采取不暴露有关人员身份、技术方法等保护措施，必要的时候，可以由审判人员在庭外对证据进行核实。
第一百五十三条 应当逮捕的犯罪嫌疑人如果在逃，公安机关可以发布通缉令，采取有效措施，追捕归案。
各级公安机关在自己管辖的地区以内，可以直接发布通缉令；超出自己管辖的地区，应当报请有权决定的上级机关发布。
第一百五十四条 对犯罪嫌疑人逮捕后的侦查羁押期限不得超过二个月。案情复杂、期限届满不能终结的案件，可以经上一级人民检察院批准延长一个月。
第一百五十五条 因为特殊原因，在较长时间内不宜交付审判的特别重大复杂的案件，由最高人民检察院报请全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准延期审理。
第一百五十六条 下列案件在本法第一百五十四条规定的期限届满不能侦查终结的，经省、自治区、直辖市人民检察院批准或者决定，可以延长二个月：
（一）交通十分不便的边远地区的重大复杂案件；
（二）重大的犯罪集团案件；
（三）流窜作案的重大复杂案件；
（四）犯罪涉及面广，取证困难的重大复杂案件。
第一百五十七条 对犯罪嫌疑人可能判处十年有期徒刑以上刑罚，依照本法第一百五十六条规定延长期限届满，仍不能侦查终结的，经省、自治区、直辖市人民检察院批准或者决定，可以再延长二个月。
第一百五十八条 在侦查期间，发现犯罪嫌疑人另有重要罪行的，自发现之日起依照本法第一百五十四条的规定重新计算侦查羁押期限。
犯罪嫌疑人不讲真实姓名、住址，身份不明的，应当对其身份进行调查，侦查羁押期限自查清其身份之日起计算，但是不得停止对其犯罪行为的侦查取证。对于犯罪事实清楚，证据确实、充分，确实无法查明其身份的，也可以按其自报的姓名起诉、审判。
第一百五十九条 在案件侦查终结前，辩护律师提出要求的，侦查机关应当听取辩护律师的意见，并记录在案。辩护律师提出书面意见的，应当附卷。
第一百六十条 公安机关侦查终结的案件，应当做到犯罪事实清楚，证据确实、充分，并且写出起诉意见书，连同案卷材料、证据一并移送同级人民检察院审查决定；同时将案件移送情况告知犯罪嫌疑人及其辩护律师。
第一百六十一条 在侦查过程中，发现不应对犯罪嫌疑人追究刑事责任的，应当撤销案件；犯罪嫌疑人已被逮捕的，应当立即释放，发给释放证明，并且通知原批准逮捕的人民检察院。
第一百六十二条 人民检察院对直接受理的案件的侦查适用本章规定。
第一百六十三条 人民检察院直接受理的案件中符合本法第七十九条、第八十条第四项、第五项规定情形，需要逮捕、拘留犯罪嫌疑人的，由人民检察院作出决定，由公安机关执行。
第一百六十四条 人民检察院对直接受理的案件中被拘留的人，应当在拘留后的二十四小时以内进行讯问。在发现不应当拘留的时候，必须立即释放，发给释放证明。
第一百六十五条 人民检察院对直接受理的案件中被拘留的人，认为需要逮捕的，应当在十四日以内作出决定。在特殊情况下，决定逮捕的时间可以延长一日至三日。对不需要逮捕 的，应当立即释放；对需要继续侦查，并且符合取保候审、监视居住条件的，依法取保候审或者监视居住。
第一百六十六条 人民检察院侦查终结的案件，应当作出提起公诉、不起诉或者撤销案件的决定。
第三章 提起公诉
第一百六十七条 凡需要提起公诉的案件，一律由人民检察院审查决定。
第一百六十八条 人民检察院审查案件的时候，必须查明：
（一）犯罪事实、情节是否清楚，证据是否确实、充分，犯罪性质和罪名的认定是否正确；
（二）有无遗漏罪行和其他应当追究刑事责任的人；
（三）是否属于不应追究刑事责任的；
（四）有无附带民事诉讼；
（五）侦查活动是否合法。
第一百六十九条 人民检察院对于公安机关移送起诉的案件，应当在一个月以内作出决定，重大、复杂的案件，可以延长半个月。
人民检察院审查起诉的案件，改变管辖的，从改变后的人民检察院收到案件之日起计算审查起诉期限。
第一百七十条 人民检察院审查案件，应当讯问犯罪嫌疑人，听取辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人的意见，并记录在案。辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人提出书面意见的，应当附卷。
第一百七十一条 人民检察院审查案件，可以要求公安机关提供法庭审判所必需的证据材料；认为可能存在本法第五十四条规定的以非法方法收集证据情形的，可以要求其对证据收集的合法性作出说明。
人民检察院审查案件，对于需要补充侦查的，可以退回公安机关补充侦查，也可以自行侦查。
对于补充侦查的案件，应当在一个月以内补充侦查完毕。补充侦查以二次为限。补充侦查完毕移送人民检察院后，人民检察院重新计算审查起诉期限。
对于二次补充侦查的案件，人民检察院仍然认为证据不足，不符合起诉条件的，应当作出不起诉的决定。
第一百七十二条 人民检察院认为犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪事实已经查清，证据确实、充分，依法应当追究刑事责任的，应当作出起诉决定，按照审判管辖的规定，向人民法院提起公诉，并将案卷材料、证据移送人民法院。
第一百七十三条 犯罪嫌疑人没有犯罪事实，或者有本法第十五条规定的情形之一的，人民检察院应当作出不起诉决定。
对于犯罪情节轻微，依照刑法规定不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚的，人民检察院可以作出不起诉决定。
人民检察院决定不起诉的案件，应当同时对侦查中查封、扣押、冻结的财物解除查封、扣押、冻结。对被不起诉人需要给予行政处罚、行政处分或者需要没收其违法所得的，人民检察院应当提出检察意见，移送有关主管机关处理。有关主管机关应当将处理结果及时通知人民检察院。
第一百七十四条 不起诉的决定，应当公开宣布，并且将不起诉决定书送达被不起诉人和他的所在单位。如果被不起诉人在押，应当立即释放。
第一百七十五条 对于公安机关移送起诉的案件，人民检察院决定不起诉的，应当将不起诉决定书送达公安机关。公安机关认为不起诉的决定有错误的时候，可以要求复议，如果意见不被接受，可以向上一级人民检察院提请复核。
第一百七十六条 对于有被害人的案件，决定不起诉的，人民检察院应当将不起诉决定书送达被害人。被害人如果不服，可以自收到决定书后七日以内向上一级人民检察院申诉，请求 提起公诉。人民检察院应当将复查决定告知被害人。对人民检察院维持不起诉决定的，被害人可以向人民法院起诉。被害人也可以不经申诉，直接向人民法院起诉。 人民法院受理案件后，人民检察院应当将有关案件材料移送人民法院。
第一百七十七条 对于人民检察院依照本法第一百七十三条第二款规定作出的不起诉决定，被不起诉人如果不服，可以自收到决定书后七日以内向人民检察院申诉。人民检察院应当作出复查决定，通知被不起诉的人，同时抄送公安机关。
第三编 审 判
第一章 审判组织
第一百七十八条 基层人民法院、中级人民法院审判第一审案件，应当由审判员三人或者由审判员和人民陪审员共三人组成合议庭进行，但是基层人民法院适用简易程序的案件可以由审判员一人独任审判。
高级人民法院、最高人民法院审判第一审案件，应当由审判员三人至七人或者由审判员和人民陪审员共三人至七人组成合议庭进行。
人民陪审员在人民法院执行职务，同审判员有同等的权利。
人民法院审判上诉和抗诉案件，由审判员三人至五人组成合议庭进行。
合议庭的成员人数应当是单数。
合议庭由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任审判长。院长或者庭长参加审判案件的时候，自己担任审判长。
第一百七十九条 合议庭进行评议的时候，如果意见分歧，应当按多数人的意见作出决定，但是少数人的意见应当写入笔录。评议笔录由合议庭的组成人员签名。
第一百八十条 合议庭开庭审理并且评议后，应当作出判决。对于疑难、复杂、重大的案件，合议庭认为难以作出决定的，由合议庭提请院长决定提交审判委员会讨论决定。审判委员会的决定，合议庭应当执行。
第二章 第一审程序
第一百八十一条 人民法院对提起公诉的案件进行审查后，对于起诉书中有明确的指控犯罪事实的，应当决定开庭审判。
第一百八十二条 人民法院决定开庭审判后，应当确定合议庭的组成人员，将人民检察院的起诉书副本至迟在开庭十日以前送达被告人及其辩护人。
在开庭以前，审判人员可以召集公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人，对回避、出庭证人名单、非法证据排除等与审判相关的问题，了解情况，听取意见。
人民法院确定开庭日期后，应当将开庭的时间、地点通知人民检察院，传唤当事人，通知辩护人、诉讼代理人、证人、鉴定人和翻译人员，传票和通知书至迟在开庭三日以前送达。公开审判的案件，应当在开庭三日以前先期公布案由、被告人姓名、开庭时间和地点。
上述活动情形应当写入笔录，由审判人员和书记员签名。
第一百八十三条 人民法院审判第一审案件应当公开进行。但是有关国家秘密或者个人隐私的案件，不公开审理；涉及商业秘密的案件，当事人申请不公开审理的，可以不公开审理。
不公开审理的案件，应当当庭宣布不公开审理的理由。
第一百八十四条 人民法院审判公诉案件，人民检察院应当派员出席法庭支持公诉。
第一百八十五条 开庭的时候，审判长查明当事人是否到庭，宣布案由；宣布合议庭的组成人员、书记员、公诉人、辩护人、诉讼代理人、鉴定人和翻译人员的名单；告知当事人有权对合议庭组成人员、书记员、公诉人、鉴定人和翻译人员申请回避；告知被告人享有辩护权利。
第一百八十六条 公诉人在法庭上宣读起诉书后，被告人、被害人可以就起诉书指控的犯罪进行陈述，公诉人可以讯问被告人。
被害人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和辩护人、诉讼代理人，经审判长许可，可以向被告人发问。
审判人员可以讯问被告人。
第一百八十七条 公诉人、当事人或者辩护人、诉讼代理人对证人证言有异议，且该证人证言对案件定罪量刑有重大影响，人民法院认为证人有必要出庭作证的，证人应当出庭作证。
人民警察就其执行职务时目击的犯罪情况作为证人出庭作证，适用前款规定。
公诉人、当事人或者辩护人、诉讼代理人对鉴定意见有异议，人民法院认为鉴定人有必要出庭的，鉴定人应当出庭作证。经人民法院通知，鉴定人拒不出庭作证的，鉴定意见不得作为定案的根据。
第一百八十八条 经人民法院通知，证人没有正当理由不出庭作证的，人民法院可以强制其到庭，但是被告人的配偶、父母、子女除外。
证人没有正当理由拒绝出庭或者出庭后拒绝作证的，予以训诫，情节严重的，经院长批准，处以十日以下的拘留。被处罚人对拘留决定不服的，可以向上一级人民法院申请复议。复议期间不停止执行。
第一百八十九条 证人作证，审判人员应当告知他要如实地提供证言和有意作伪证或者隐匿罪证要负的法律责任。公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人经审判长许可，可以对证人、鉴定人发问。审判长认为发问的内容与案件无关的时候，应当制止。
审判人员可以询问证人、鉴定人。
第一百九十条 公诉人、辩护人应当向法庭出示物证，让当事人辨认，对未到庭的证人的证言笔录、鉴定人的鉴定意见、勘验笔录和其他作为证据的文书，应当当庭宣读。审判人员应当听取公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人的意见。
第一百九十一条 法庭审理过程中，合议庭对证据有疑问的，可以宣布休庭，对证据进行调查核实。
人民法院调查核实证据，可以进行勘验、检查、查封、扣押、鉴定和查询、冻结。
第一百九十二条 法庭审理过程中，当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人有权申请通知新的证人到庭，调取新的物证，申请重新鉴定或者勘验。
公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人可以申请法庭通知有专门知识的人出庭，就鉴定人作出的鉴定意见提出意见。
法庭对于上述申请，应当作出是否同意的决定。
第二款规定的有专门知识的人出庭，适用鉴定人的有关规定。
第一百九十三条 法庭审理过程中，对与定罪、量刑有关的事实、证据都应当进行调查、辩论。
经审判长许可，公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人可以对证据和案件情况发表意见并且可以互相辩论。
审判长在宣布辩论终结后，被告人有最后陈述的权利。
第一百九十四条 在法庭审判过程中，如果诉讼参与人或者旁听人员违反法庭秩序，审判长应当警告制止。对不听制止的，可以强行带出法庭；情节严重的，处以一千元以下的罚款或 者十五日以下的拘留。罚款、拘留必须经院长批准。被处罚人对罚款、拘留的决定不服的，可以向上一级人民法院申请复议。复议期间不停止执行。
对聚众哄闹、冲击法庭或者侮辱、诽谤、威胁、殴打司法工作人员或者诉讼参与人，严重扰乱法庭秩序，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第一百九十五条 在被告人最后陈述后，审判长宣布休庭，合议庭进行评议，根据已经查明的事实、证据和有关的法律规定，分别作出以下判决：
（一）案件事实清楚，证据确实、充分，依据法律认定被告人有罪的，应当作出有罪判决；
（二）依据法律认定被告人无罪的，应当作出无罪判决；
（三）证据不足，不能认定被告人有罪的，应当作出证据不足、指控的犯罪不能成立的无罪判决。
第一百九十六条 宣告判决，一律公开进行。
当庭宣告判决的，应当在五日以内将判决书送达当事人和提起公诉的人民检察院；定期宣告判决的，应当在宣告后立即将判决书送达当事人和提起公诉的人民检察院。判决书应当同时送达辩护人、诉讼代理人。
第一百九十七条 判决书应当由审判人员和书记员署名，并且写明上诉的期限和上诉的法院。
第一百九十八条 在法庭审判过程中，遇有下列情形之一，影响审判进行的，可以延期审理：
（一）需要通知新的证人到庭，调取新的物证，重新鉴定或者勘验的；
（二）检察人员发现提起公诉的案件需要补充侦查，提出建议的；
（三）由于申请回避而不能进行审判的。
第一百九十九条 依照本法第一百九十八条第二项的规定延期审理的案件，人民检察院应当在一个月以内补充侦查完毕。
第二百条 在审判过程中，有下列情形之一，致使案件在较长时间内无法继续审理的，可以中止审理：
（一）被告人患有严重疾病，无法出庭的；
（二）被告人脱逃的；
（三）自诉人患有严重疾病，无法出庭，未委托诉讼代理人出庭的；
（四）由于不能抗拒的原因。
中止审理的原因消失后，应当恢复审理。中止审理的期间不计入审理期限。
第二百零一条 法庭审判的全部活动，应当由书记员写成笔录，经审判长审阅后，由审判长和书记员签名。
法庭笔录中的证人证言部分，应当当庭宣读或者交给证人阅读。证人在承认没有错误后，应当签名或者盖章。
法庭笔录应当交给当事人阅读或者向他宣读。当事人认为记载有遗漏或者差错的，可以请求补充或者改正。当事人承认没有错误后，应当签名或者盖章。
第二百零二条 人民法院审理公诉案件，应当在受理后二个月以内宣判，至迟不得超过三个月。对于可能判处死刑的案件或者附带民事诉讼的案件，以及有本法第一百五十六条规定 情形之一的，经上一级人民法院批准，可以延长三个月；因特殊情况还需要延长的，报请最高人民法院批准。
人民法院改变管辖的案件，从改变后的人民法院收到案件之日起计算审理期限。
人民检察院补充侦查的案件，补充侦查完毕移送人民法院后，人民法院重新计算审理期限。
第二百零三条 人民检察院发现人民法院审理案件违反法律规定的诉讼程序，有权向人民法院提出纠正意见。
第二百零四条 自诉案件包括下列案件：
（一）告诉才处理的案件；
（二）被害人有证据证明的轻微刑事案件；
（三）被害人有证据证明对被告人侵犯自己人身、财产权利的行为应当依法追究刑事责任，而公安机关或者人民检察院不予追究被告人刑事责任的案件。
第二百零五条 人民法院对于自诉案件进行审查后，按照下列情形分别处理：
（一）犯罪事实清楚，有足够证据的案件，应当开庭审判；
（二）缺乏罪证的自诉案件，如果自诉人提不出补充证据，应当说服自诉人撤回自诉，或者裁定驳回。
自诉人经两次依法传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，按撤诉处理。
法庭审理过程中，审判人员对证据有疑问，需要调查核实的，适用本法第一百九十一条的规定。
第二百零六条 人民法院对自诉案件，可以进行调解；自诉人在宣告判决前，可以同被告人自行和解或者撤回自诉。本法第二百零四条第三项规定的案件不适用调解。
人民法院审理自诉案件的期限，被告人被羁押的，适用本法第二百零二条第一款、第二款的规定；未被羁押的，应当在受理后六个月以内宣判。
第二百零七条 自诉案件的被告人在诉讼过程中，可以对自诉人提起反诉。反诉适用自诉的规定。
第二百零八条 基层人民法院管辖的案件，符合下列条件的，可以适用简易程序审判：
（一）案件事实清楚、证据充分的；
（二）被告人承认自己所犯罪行，对指控的犯罪事实没有异议的；
（三）被告人对适用简易程序没有异议的。
人民检察院在提起公诉的时候，可以建议人民法院适用简易程序。
第二百零九条 有下列情形之一的，不适用简易程序：
（一）被告人是盲、聋、哑人，或者是尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人的；
（二）有重大社会影响的；
（三）共同犯罪案件中部分被告人不认罪或者对适用简易程序有异议的；
（四）其他不宜适用简易程序审理的。
第二百一十条 适用简易程序审理案件，对可能判处三年有期徒刑以下刑罚的，可以组成合议庭进行审判，也可以由审判员一人独任审判；对可能判处的有期徒刑超过三年的，应当组成合议庭进行审判。
适用简易程序审理公诉案件，人民检察院应当派员出席法庭。
第二百一十一条 适用简易程序审理案件，审判人员应当询问被告人对指控的犯罪事实的意见，告知被告人适用简易程序审理的法律规定，确认被告人是否同意适用简易程序审理。
第二百一十二条 适用简易程序审理案件，经审判人员许可，被告人及其辩护人可以同公诉人、自诉人及其诉讼代理人互相辩论。
第二百一十三条 适用简易程序审理案件，不受本章第一节关于送达期限、讯问被告人、询问证人、鉴定人、出示证据、法庭辩论程序规定的限制。但在判决宣告前应当听取被告人的最后陈述意见。
第二百一十四条 适用简易程序审理案件，人民法院应当在受理后二十日以内审结；对可能判处的有期徒刑超过三年的，可以延长至一个半月。
第二百一十五条 人民法院在审理过程中，发现不宜适用简易程序的，应当按照本章第一节或者第二节的规定重新审理。
第三章 第二审程序
第二百一十六条 被告人、自诉人和他们的法定代理人，不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定，有权用书状或者口头向上一级人民法院上诉。被告人的辩护人和近亲属，经被告人同意，可以提出上诉。
附带民事诉讼的当事人和他们的法定代理人，可以对地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定中的附带民事诉讼部分，提出上诉。
对被告人的上诉权，不得以任何借口加以剥夺。
第二百一十七条 地方各级人民检察院认为本级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定确有错误的时候，应当向上一级人民法院提出抗诉。
第二百一十八条 被害人及其法定代理人不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决的，自收到判决书后五日以内，有权请求人民检察院提出抗诉。人民检察院自收到被害人及其法定代理人的请求后五日以内，应当作出是否抗诉的决定并且答复请求人。
第二百一十九条 不服判决的上诉和抗诉的期限为十日，不服裁定的上诉和抗诉的期限为五日，从接到判决书、裁定书的第二日起算。
第二百二十条 被告人、自诉人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人通过原审人民法院提出上诉的，原审人民法院应当在三日以内将上诉状连同案卷、证据移送上一级人民法院，同时将上诉状副本送交同级人民检察院和对方当事人。
被告人、自诉人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人直接向第二审人民法院提出上诉的，第二审人民法院应当在三日以内将上诉状交原审人民法院送交同级人民检察院和对方当事人。
第二百二十一条 地方各级人民检察院对同级人民法院第一审判决、裁定的抗诉，应当通过原审人民法院提出抗诉书，并且将抗诉书抄送上一级人民检察院。原审人民法院应当将抗诉书连同案卷、证据移送上一级人民法院，并且将抗诉书副本送交当事人。
上级人民检察院如果认为抗诉不当，可以向同级人民法院撤回抗诉，并且通知下级人民检察院。
第二百二十二条 第二审人民法院应当就第一审判决认定的事实和适用法律进行全面审查，不受上诉或者抗诉范围的限制。
共同犯罪的案件只有部分被告人上诉的，应当对全案进行审查，一并处理。
第二百二十三条 第二审人民法院对于下列案件，应当组成合议庭，开庭审理：
（一）被告人、自诉人及其法定代理人对第一审认定的事实、证据提出异议，可能影响定罪量刑的上诉案件；
（二）被告人被判处死刑的上诉案件；
（三）人民检察院抗诉的案件；
（四）其他应当开庭审理的案件。
第二审人民法院决定不开庭审理的，应当讯问被告人，听取其他当事人、辩护人、诉讼代理人的意见。
第二审人民法院开庭审理上诉、抗诉案件，可以到案件发生地或者原审人民法院所在地进行。
第二百二十四条 人民检察院提出抗诉的案件或者第二审人民法院开庭审理的公诉案件，同级人民检察院都应当派员出席法庭。第二审人民法院应当在决定开庭审理后及时通知人民检 察院查阅案卷。人民检察院应当在一个月以内查阅完毕。人民检察院查阅案卷的时间不计入审理期限。
第二百二十五条 第二审人民法院对不服第一审判决的上诉、抗诉案件，经过审理后，应当按照下列情形分别处理：
（一）原判决认定事实和适用法律正确、量刑适当的，应当裁定驳回上诉或者抗诉，维持原判；
（二）原判决认定事实没有错误，但适用法律有错误，或者量刑不当的，应当改判；
（三）原判决事实不清楚或者证据不足的，可以在查清事实后改判；也可以裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重新审判。
原审人民法院对于依照前款第三项规定发回重新审判的案件作出判决后，被告人提出上诉或者人民检察院提出抗诉的，第二审人民法院应当依法作出判决或者裁定，不得再发回原审人民法院重新审判。
第二百二十六条 第二审人民法院审理被告人或者他的法定代理人、辩护人、近亲属上诉的案件，不得加重被告人的刑罚。第二审人民法院发回原审人民法院重新审判的案件，除有新的犯罪事实，人民检察院补充起诉的以外，原审人民法院也不得加重被告人的刑罚。
人民检察院提出抗诉或者自诉人提出上诉的，不受前款规定的限制。
第二百二十七条 第二审人民法院发现第一审人民法院的审理有下列违反法律规定的诉讼程序的情形之一的，应当裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重新审判：
（一）违反本法有关公开审判的规定的；
（二）违反回避制度的；
（三）剥夺或者限制了当事人的法定诉讼权利，可能影响公正审判的；
（四）审判组织的组成不合法的；
（五）其他违反法律规定的诉讼程序，可能影响公正审判的。
第二百二十八条 原审人民法院对于发回重新审判的案件，应当另行组成合议庭，依照第一审程序进行审判。对于重新审判后的判决，依照本法第二百一十六条、第二百一十七条、第二百一十八条的规定可以上诉、抗诉。
第二百二十九条 第二审人民法院对不服第一审裁定的上诉或者抗诉，经过审查后，应当参照本法第二百二十五条、第二百二十七条和第二百二十八条的规定，分别情形用裁定驳回上诉、抗诉，或者撤销、变更原裁定。
第二百三十条 第二审人民法院发回原审人民法院重新审判的案件，原审人民法院从收到发回的案件之日起，重新计算审理期限。
第二百三十一条 第二审人民法院审判上诉或者抗诉案件的程序，除本章已有规定的以外，参照第一审程序的规定进行。
第二百三十二条 第二审人民法院受理上诉、抗诉案件，应当在二个月以内审结。对于可能判处死刑的案件或者附带民事诉讼的案件，以及有本法第一百五十六条规定情形之一的，经 省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院批准或者决定，可以延长二个月；因特殊情况还需要延长的，报请最高人民法院批准。
最高人民法院受理上诉、抗诉案件的审理期限，由最高人民法院决定。
第二百三十三条 第二审的判决、裁定和最高人民法院的判决、裁定，都是终审的判决、裁定。
第二百三十四条 公安机关、人民检察院和人民法院对查封、扣押、冻结的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的财物及其孳息，应当妥善保管，以供核查，并制作清单，随案移送。任何单位和个人 不得挪用或者自行处理。对被害人的合法财产，应当及时返还。对违禁品或者不宜长期保存的物品，应当依照国家有关规定处理。
对作为证据使用的实物应当随案移送，对不宜移送的，应当将其清单、照片或者其他证明文件随案移送。
人民法院作出的判决，应当对查封、扣押、冻结的财物及其孳息作出处理。
人民法院作出的判决生效以后，有关机关应当根据判决对查封、扣押、冻结的财物及其孳息进行处理。对查封、扣押、冻结的赃款赃物及其孳息，除依法返还被害人的以外，一律上缴国库。
司法工作人员贪污、挪用或者私自处理查封、扣押、冻结的财物及其孳息的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予处分。
第四章 死刑复核程序
第二百三十五条 死刑由最高人民法院核准。
第二百三十六条 中级人民法院判处死刑的第一审案件，被告人不上诉的，应当由高级人民法院复核后，报请最高人民法院核准。高级人民法院不同意判处死刑的，可以提审或者发回重新审判。
高级人民法院判处死刑的第一审案件被告人不上诉的，和判处死刑的第二审案件，都应当报请最高人民法院核准。
第二百三十七条 中级人民法院判处死刑缓期二年执行的案件，由高级人民法院核准。
第二百三十八条 最高人民法院复核死刑案件，高级人民法院复核死刑缓期执行的案件，应当由审判员三人组成合议庭进行。
第二百三十九条 最高人民法院复核死刑案件，应当作出核准或者不核准死刑的裁定。对于不核准死刑的，最高人民法院可以发回重新审判或者予以改判。
第二百四十条 最高人民法院复核死刑案件，应当讯问被告人，辩护律师提出要求的，应当听取辩护律师的意见。
在复核死刑案件过程中，最高人民检察院可以向最高人民法院提出意见。最高人民法院应当将死刑复核结果通报最高人民检察院。
第五章 审判监督程序
第二百四十一条 当事人及其法定代理人、近亲属，对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，可以向人民法院或者人民检察院提出申诉，但是不能停止判决、裁定的执行。
第二百四十二条 当事人及其法定代理人、近亲属的申诉符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当重新审判：
（一）有新的证据证明原判决、裁定认定的事实确有错误，可能影响定罪量刑的；
（二）据以定罪量刑的证据不确实、不充分、依法应当予以排除，或者证明案件事实的主要证据之间存在矛盾的；
（三）原判决、裁定适用法律确有错误的；
（四）违反法律规定的诉讼程序，可能影响公正审判的；
（五）审判人员在审理该案件的时候，有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的。
第二百四十三条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定，如果发现在认定事实上或者在适用法律上确有错误，必须提交审判委员会处理。
最高人民法院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定，上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定，如果发现确有错误，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。
最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定，上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定，如果发现确有错误，有权按照审判监督程序向同级人民法院提出抗诉。
人民检察院抗诉的案件，接受抗诉的人民法院应当组成合议庭重新审理，对于原判决事实不清楚或者证据不足的，可以指令下级人民法院再审。
第二百四十四条 上级人民法院指令下级人民法院再审的，应当指令原审人民法院以外的下级人民法院审理；由原审人民法院审理更为适宜的，也可以指令原审人民法院审理。
第二百四十五条 人民法院按照审判监督程序重新审判的案件，由原审人民法院审理的，应当另行组成合议庭进行。如果原来是第一审案件，应当依照第一审程序进行审判，所作的判 决、裁定，可以上诉、抗诉；如果原来是第二审案件，或者是上级人民法院提审的案件，应当依照第二审程序进行审判，所作的判决、裁定，是终审的判决、裁定。
人民法院开庭审理的再审案件，同级人民检察院应当派员出席法庭。
第二百四十六条 人民法院决定再审的案件，需要对被告人采取强制措施的，由人民法院依法决定；人民检察院提出抗诉的再审案件，需要对被告人采取强制措施的，由人民检察院依法决定。
人民法院按照审判监督程序审判的案件，可以决定中止原判决、裁定的执行。
第二百四十七条 人民法院按照审判监督程序重新审判的案件，应当在作出提审、再审决定之日起三个月以内审结，需要延长期限的，不得超过六个月。
接受抗诉的人民法院按照审判监督程序审判抗诉的案件，审理期限适用前款规定；对需要指令下级人民法院再审的，应当自接受抗诉之日起一个月以内作出决定，下级人民法院审理案件的期限适用前款规定。
第四编 执 行
第二百四十八条 判决和裁定在发生法律效力后执行。
下列判决和裁定是发生法律效力的判决和裁定：
（一）已过法定期限没有上诉、抗诉的判决和裁定；
（二）终审的判决和裁定；
（三）最高人民法院核准的死刑的判决和高级人民法院核准的死刑缓期二年执行的判决。
第二百四十九条 第一审人民法院判决被告人无罪、免除刑事处罚的，如果被告人在押，在宣判后应当立即释放。
第二百五十条 最高人民法院判处和核准的死刑立即执行的判决，应当由最高人民法院院长签发执行死刑的命令。
被判处死刑缓期二年执行的罪犯，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果没有故意犯罪，死刑缓期执行期满，应当予以减刑，由执行机关提出书面意见，报请高级人民法院裁定；如果故意犯罪，查证属实，应当执行死刑，由高级人民法院报请最高人民法院核准。
第二百五十一条 下级人民法院接到最高人民法院执行死刑的命令后，应当在七日以内交付执行。但是发现有下列情形之一的，应当停止执行，并且立即报告最高人民法院，由最高人民法院作出裁定：
（一）在执行前发现判决可能有错误的；
（二）在执行前罪犯揭发重大犯罪事实或者有其他重大立功表现，可能需要改判的；
（三）罪犯正在怀孕。
前款第一项、第二项停止执行的原因消失后，必须报请最高人民法院院长再签发执行死刑的命令才能执行；由于前款第三项原因停止执行的，应当报请最高人民法院依法改判。
第二百五十二条 人民法院在交付执行死刑前，应当通知同级人民检察院派员临场监督。
死刑采用枪决或者注射等方法执行。
死刑可以在刑场或者指定的羁押场所内执行。
指挥执行的审判人员，对罪犯应当验明正身，讯问有无遗言、信札，然后交付执行人员执行死刑。在执行前，如果发现可能有错误，应当暂停执行，报请最高人民法院裁定。
执行死刑应当公布，不应示众。
执行死刑后，在场书记员应当写成笔录。交付执行的人民法院应当将执行死刑情况报告最高人民法院。
执行死刑后，交付执行的人民法院应当通知罪犯家属。
第二百五十三条 罪犯被交付执行刑罚的时候，应当由交付执行的人民法院在判决生效后十日以内将有关的法律文书送达公安机关、监狱或者其他执行机关。
对被判处死刑缓期二年执行、无期徒刑、有期徒刑的罪犯，由公安机关依法将该罪犯送交监狱执行刑罚。对被判处有期徒刑的罪犯，在被交付执行刑罚前，剩余刑期在三个月以下的，由看守所代为执行。对被判处拘役的罪犯，由公安机关执行。
对未成年犯应当在未成年犯管教所执行刑罚。
执行机关应当将罪犯及时收押，并且通知罪犯家属。
判处有期徒刑、拘役的罪犯，执行期满，应当由执行机关发给释放证明书。
第二百五十四条 对被判处有期徒刑或者拘役的罪犯，有下列情形之一的，可以暂予监外执行：
（一）有严重疾病需要保外就医的；
（二）怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女；
（三）生活不能自理，适用暂予监外执行不致危害社会的。
对被判处无期徒刑的罪犯，有前款第二项规定情形的，可以暂予监外执行。
对适用保外就医可能有社会危险性的罪犯，或者自伤自残的罪犯，不得保外就医。
对罪犯确有严重疾病，必须保外就医的，由省级人民政府指定的医院诊断并开具证明文件。
在交付执行前，暂予监外执行由交付执行的人民法院决定；在交付执行后，暂予监外执行由监狱或者看守所提出书面意见，报省级以上监狱管理机关或者设区的市一级以上公安机关批准。
第二百五十五条 监狱、看守所提出暂予监外执行的书面意见的，应当将书面意见的副本抄送人民检察院。人民检察院可以向决定或者批准机关提出书面意见。
第二百五十六条 决定或者批准暂予监外执行的机关应当将暂予监外执行决定抄送人民检察院。人民检察院认为暂予监外执行不当的，应当自接到通知之日起一个月以内将书面意见送 交决定或者批准暂予监外执行的机关，决定或者批准暂予监外执行的机关接到人民检察院的书面意见后，应当立即对该决定进行重新核查。
第二百五十七条 对暂予监外执行的罪犯，有下列情形之一的，应当及时收监：
（一）发现不符合暂予监外执行条件的；
（二）严重违反有关暂予监外执行监督管理规定的；
（三）暂予监外执行的情形消失后，罪犯刑期未满的。
对于人民法院决定暂予监外执行的罪犯应当予以收监的，由人民法院作出决定，将有关的法律文书送达公安机关、监狱或者其他执行机关。
不符合暂予监外执行条件的罪犯通过贿赂等非法手段被暂予监外执行的，在监外执行的期间不计入执行刑期。罪犯在暂予监外执行期间脱逃的，脱逃的期间不计入执行刑期。
罪犯在暂予监外执行期间死亡的，执行机关应当及时通知监狱或者看守所。
第二百五十八条 对被判处管制、宣告缓刑、假释或者暂予监外执行的罪犯，依法实行社区矫正，由社区矫正机构负责执行。
第二百五十九条 对被判处剥夺政治权利的罪犯，由公安机关执行。执行期满，应当由执行机关书面通知本人及其所在单位、居住地基层组织。
第二百六十条 被判处罚金的罪犯，期满不缴纳的，人民法院应当强制缴纳；如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的灾祸缴纳确实有困难的，可以裁定减少或者免除。
第二百六十一条 没收财产的判决，无论附加适用或者独立适用，都由人民法院执行；在必要的时候，可以会同公安机关执行。
第二百六十二条 罪犯在服刑期间又犯罪的，或者发现了判决的时候所没有发现的罪行，由执行机关移送人民检察院处理。
被判处管制、拘役、有期徒刑或者无期徒刑的罪犯，在执行期间确有悔改或者立功表现，应当依法予以减刑、假释的时候，由执行机关提出建议书，报请人民法院审核裁定，并将建议书副本抄送人民检察院。人民检察院可以向人民法院提出书面意见。
第二百六十三条 人民检察院认为人民法院减刑、假释的裁定不当，应当在收到裁定书副本后二十日以内，向人民法院提出书面纠正意见。人民法院应当在收到纠正意见后一个月以内重新组成合议庭进行审理，作出最终裁定。
第二百六十四条 监狱和其他执行机关在刑罚执行中，如果认为判决有错误或者罪犯提出申诉，应当转请人民检察院或者原判人民法院处理。
第二百六十五条 人民检察院对执行机关执行刑罚的活动是否合法实行监督。如果发现有违法的情况，应当通知执行机关纠正。
第五编 特别程序
第一章 未成年人刑事案件诉讼程序
第二百六十六条 对犯罪的未成年人实行教育、感化、挽救的方针，坚持教育为主、惩罚为辅的原则。
人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理未成年人刑事案件，应当保障未成年人行使其诉讼权利，保障未成年人得到法律帮助，并由熟悉未成年人身心特点的审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员承办。
第二百六十七条 未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人没有委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供辩护。
第二百六十八条 公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院办理未成年人刑事案件，根据情况可以对未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的成长经历、犯罪原因、监护教育等情况进行调查。
第二百六十九条 对未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当严格限制适用逮捕措施。人民检察院审查批准逮捕和人民法院决定逮捕，应当讯问未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，听取辩护律师的意见。
对被拘留、逮捕和执行刑罚的未成年人与成年人应当分别关押、分别管理、分别教育。
第二百七十条 对于未成年人刑事案件，在讯问和审判的时候，应当通知未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的法定代理人到场。无法通知、法定代理人不能到场或者法定代理人是共犯的， 也可以通知未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的其他成年亲属，所在学校、单位、居住地基层组织或者未成年人保护组织的代表到场，并将有关情况记录在案。到场的法定 代理人可以代为行使未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的诉讼权利。
到场的法定代理人或者其他人员认为办案人员在讯问、审判中侵犯未成年人合法权益的，可以提出意见。讯问笔录、法庭笔录应当交给到场的法定代理人或者其他人员阅读或者向他宣读。
讯问女性未成年犯罪嫌疑人，应当有女工作人员在场。
审判未成年人刑事案件，未成年被告人最后陈述后，其法定代理人可以进行补充陈述。
询问未成年被害人、证人，适用第一款、第二款、第三款的规定。
第二百七十一条 对于未成年人涉嫌刑法分则第四章、第五章、第六章规定的犯罪，可能判处一年有期徒刑以下刑罚，符合起诉条件，但有悔罪表现的，人民检察院可以作出附条件不起诉的决定。人民检察院在作出附条件不起诉的决定以前，应当听取公安机关、被害人的意见。
对附条件不起诉的决定，公安机关要求复议、提请复核或者被害人申诉的，适用本法第一百七十五条、第一百七十六条的规定。
未成年犯罪嫌疑人及其法定代理人对人民检察院决定附条件不起诉有异议的，人民检察院应当作出起诉的决定。
第二百七十二条 在附条件不起诉的考验期内，由人民检察院对被附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人进行监督考察。未成年犯罪嫌疑人的监护人，应当对未成年犯罪嫌疑人加强管教，配合人民检察院做好监督考察工作。
附条件不起诉的考验期为六个月以上一年以下，从人民检察院作出附条件不起诉的决定之日起计算。
被附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人，应当遵守下列规定：
（一）遵守法律法规，服从监督；
（二）按照考察机关的规定报告自己的活动情况；
（三）离开所居住的市、县或者迁居，应当报经考察机关批准；
（四）按照考察机关的要求接受矫治和教育。
第二百七十三条 被附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人，在考验期内有下列情形之一的，人民检察院应当撤销附条件不起诉的决定，提起公诉：
（一）实施新的犯罪或者发现决定附条件不起诉以前还有其他犯罪需要追诉的；
（二）违反治安管理规定或者考察机关有关附条件不起诉的监督管理规定，情节严重的。
被附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人，在考验期内没有上述情形，考验期满的，人民检察院应当作出不起诉的决定。
第二百七十四条 审判的时候被告人不满十八周岁的案件，不公开审理。但是，经未成年被告人及其法定代理人同意，未成年被告人所在学校和未成年人保护组织可以派代表到场。
第二百七十五条 犯罪的时候不满十八周岁，被判处五年有期徒刑以下刑罚的，应当对相关犯罪记录予以封存。
犯罪记录被封存的，不得向任何单位和个人提供，但司法机关为办案需要或者有关单位根据国家规定进行查询的除外。依法进行查询的单位，应当对被封存的犯罪记录的情况予以保密。
第二百七十六条 办理未成年人刑事案件，除本章已有规定的以外，按照本法的其他规定进行。
第二章 当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序
第二百七十七条 下列公诉案件，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人真诚悔罪，通过向被害人赔偿损失、赔礼道歉等方式获得被害人谅解，被害人自愿和解的，双方当事人可以和解：
（一）因民间纠纷引起，涉嫌刑法分则第四章、第五章规定的犯罪案件，可能判处三年有期徒刑以下刑罚的；
（二）除渎职犯罪以外的可能判处七年有期徒刑以下刑罚的过失犯罪案件。
犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在五年以内曾经故意犯罪的，不适用本章规定的程序。
第二百七十八条 双方当事人和解的，公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院应当听取当事人和其他有关人员的意见，对和解的自愿性、合法性进行审查，并主持制作和解协议书。
第二百七十九条 对于达成和解协议的案件，公安机关可以向人民检察院提出从宽处理的建议。人民检察院可以向人民法院提出从宽处罚的建议；对于犯罪情节轻微，不需要判处刑罚的，可以作出不起诉的决定。人民法院可以依法对被告人从宽处罚。
第三章 犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得的没收程序
第二百八十条 对于贪污贿赂犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪等重大犯罪案件，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿，在通缉一年后不能到案，或者犯罪嫌疑人、被告人死亡，依照刑法规定应当追缴其违法所得及其他涉案财产的，人民检察院可以向人民法院提出没收违法所得的申请。
公安机关认为有前款规定情形的，应当写出没收违法所得意见书，移送人民检察院。
没收违法所得的申请应当提供与犯罪事实、违法所得相关的证据材料，并列明财产的种类、数量、所在地及查封、扣押、冻结的情况。
人民法院在必要的时候，可以查封、扣押、冻结申请没收的财产。
第二百八十一条 没收违法所得的申请，由犯罪地或者犯罪嫌疑人、被告人居住地的中级人民法院组成合议庭进行审理。
人民法院受理没收违法所得的申请后，应当发出公告。公告期间为六个月。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的近亲属和其他利害关系人有权申请参加诉讼，也可以委托诉讼代理人参加诉讼。
人民法院在公告期满后对没收违法所得的申请进行审理。利害关系人参加诉讼的，人民法院应当开庭审理。
第二百八十二条 人民法院经审理，对经查证属于违法所得及其他涉案财产，除依法返还被害人的以外，应当裁定予以没收；对不属于应当追缴的财产的，应当裁定驳回申请，解除查封、扣押、冻结措施。
对于人民法院依照前款规定作出的裁定，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的近亲属和其他利害关系人或者人民检察院可以提出上诉、抗诉。
第二百八十三条 在审理过程中，在逃的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人自动投案或者被抓获的，人民法院应当终止审理。
没收犯罪嫌疑人、被告人财产确有错误的，应当予以返还、赔偿。
第四章 依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序
第二百八十四条 实施暴力行为，危害公共安全或者严重危害公民人身安全，经法定程序鉴定依法不负刑事责任的精神病人，有继续危害社会可能的，可以予以强制医疗。
第二百八十五条 根据本章规定对精神病人强制医疗的，由人民法院决定。
公安机关发现精神病人符合强制医疗条件的，应当写出强制医疗意见书，移送人民检察院。对于公安机关移送的或者在审查起诉过程中发现的精神病 人符合强制医疗条件的，人民检察院应当向人民法院提出强制医疗的申请。人民法院在审理案件过程中发现被告人符合强制医疗条件的，可以作出强制医疗的决定。
对实施暴力行为的精神病人，在人民法院决定强制医疗前，公安机关可以采取临时的保护性约束措施。
第二百八十六条 人民法院受理强制医疗的申请后，应当组成合议庭进行审理。
人民法院审理强制医疗案件，应当通知被申请人或者被告人的法定代理人到场。被申请人或者被告人没有委托诉讼代理人的，人民法院应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供法律帮助。
第二百八十七条 人民法院经审理，对于被申请人或者被告人符合强制医疗条件的，应当在一个月以内作出强制医疗的决定。
被决定强制医疗的人、被害人及其法定代理人、近亲属对强制医疗决定不服的，可以向上一级人民法院申请复议。
第二百八十八条 强制医疗机构应当定期对被强制医疗的人进行诊断评估。对于已不具有人身危险性，不需要继续强制医疗的，应当及时提出解除意见，报决定强制医疗的人民法院批准。
被强制医疗的人及其近亲属有权申请解除强制医疗。
第二百八十九条 人民检察院对强制医疗的决定和执行实行监督。
附 则
第二百九十条 军队保卫部门对军队内部发生的刑事案件行使侦查权。
对罪犯在监狱内犯罪的案件由监狱进行侦查。
军队保卫部门、监狱办理刑事案件，适用本法的有关规定。